Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Drug-related problems (DRPs) can occur at any stages of medication use processes, and a single drug could be associated with multiple DRPs. Once happened, it adversely affects health outcomes. In Ethiopia, evaluation of the magnitude and factors associated with DRPs had not been...

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Main Authors: Fuad Adem, Jemal Abdela, Dumessa Edessa, Bisrat Hagos, Abraham Nigussie, Mohammed A. Mohammed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-04-01
Series:Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00312-z
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spelling doaj-70e448b81f57403bb8b0c8310162b3342021-05-02T11:24:17ZengBMCJournal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice2052-32112021-04-0114112410.1186/s40545-021-00312-zDrug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysisFuad Adem0Jemal Abdela1Dumessa Edessa2Bisrat Hagos3Abraham Nigussie4Mohammed A. Mohammed5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya UniversityDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, University of AucklandAbstract Background Drug-related problems (DRPs) can occur at any stages of medication use processes, and a single drug could be associated with multiple DRPs. Once happened, it adversely affects health outcomes. In Ethiopia, evaluation of the magnitude and factors associated with DRPs had not been attempted at the national level. Method The literature search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar. The quality of the included studies was checked using Joanna Brigg’s Institute (JBI’s) checklist, and data were analyzed using Stata software (version 14.0). The pooled estimate of DRPs was computed by a Random effect model (DerSimonian–Laird method). Cochran’s Q test (I2) statistic)), and Begg’s correlation and Egger’s regression test were assessed for heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Result Overall, 32 studies with a total sample size of 7,129 were included in the review. The estimated pooled prevalence of DRPs was 70% [0.70 (95% CI 0.64—0.76; I 2 = 97.6% p = 0.000)]. Polypharmacy (taking ≥ 5 drugs) [RR = 1.3], medical comorbidity [RR = 1.3], poor medication adherence [RR = 1.7], uncontrolled blood pressure [RR = 1.4], substance use [RR = 1.2], type 2 diabetes [RR = 1.8], significant drug interaction [RR = 1.33], and a negative medication belief [RR = 3.72] significantly influenced the occurrence of DRPs. Conclusion The estimated national prevalence of DRPs in Ethiopia was high. Presence of medical comorbidity, using multiple drugs, significant drug interaction, poor medication adherence, uncontrolled blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, substance use and a negative belief about medication significantly influenced the occurrence of DRPs. Initiating and/or strengthening pharmaceutical care services at the health care facilities could lower the occurrence of DRPs. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020162329.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00312-zDrug-Related problemsSystematic review and meta-analysisEthiopia
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Fuad Adem
Jemal Abdela
Dumessa Edessa
Bisrat Hagos
Abraham Nigussie
Mohammed A. Mohammed
spellingShingle Fuad Adem
Jemal Abdela
Dumessa Edessa
Bisrat Hagos
Abraham Nigussie
Mohammed A. Mohammed
Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
Drug-Related problems
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Ethiopia
author_facet Fuad Adem
Jemal Abdela
Dumessa Edessa
Bisrat Hagos
Abraham Nigussie
Mohammed A. Mohammed
author_sort Fuad Adem
title Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Drug-related problems and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort drug-related problems and associated factors in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher BMC
series Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
issn 2052-3211
publishDate 2021-04-01
description Abstract Background Drug-related problems (DRPs) can occur at any stages of medication use processes, and a single drug could be associated with multiple DRPs. Once happened, it adversely affects health outcomes. In Ethiopia, evaluation of the magnitude and factors associated with DRPs had not been attempted at the national level. Method The literature search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar. The quality of the included studies was checked using Joanna Brigg’s Institute (JBI’s) checklist, and data were analyzed using Stata software (version 14.0). The pooled estimate of DRPs was computed by a Random effect model (DerSimonian–Laird method). Cochran’s Q test (I2) statistic)), and Begg’s correlation and Egger’s regression test were assessed for heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Result Overall, 32 studies with a total sample size of 7,129 were included in the review. The estimated pooled prevalence of DRPs was 70% [0.70 (95% CI 0.64—0.76; I 2 = 97.6% p = 0.000)]. Polypharmacy (taking ≥ 5 drugs) [RR = 1.3], medical comorbidity [RR = 1.3], poor medication adherence [RR = 1.7], uncontrolled blood pressure [RR = 1.4], substance use [RR = 1.2], type 2 diabetes [RR = 1.8], significant drug interaction [RR = 1.33], and a negative medication belief [RR = 3.72] significantly influenced the occurrence of DRPs. Conclusion The estimated national prevalence of DRPs in Ethiopia was high. Presence of medical comorbidity, using multiple drugs, significant drug interaction, poor medication adherence, uncontrolled blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, substance use and a negative belief about medication significantly influenced the occurrence of DRPs. Initiating and/or strengthening pharmaceutical care services at the health care facilities could lower the occurrence of DRPs. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020162329.
topic Drug-Related problems
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Ethiopia
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00312-z
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