Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition (UWLD) of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy was firstly carried out utilizing a laser deposition nozzle, and the deposition appearance, geometry characteristics, microstructure and microhardness of deposited tracks were studied. At a lower gas flow rate, the absorption of res...
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doaj-709add24f7b442b1962c04db56371a232020-11-25T02:17:54ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752020-01-01186Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloyYunlong Fu0Ning Guo1Li Zhou2Qi Cheng3Jicai Feng4State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China; Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Weihai, 264209, China; Corresponding author. No.2 Wenhuaxi Road, Weihai, 264209, China.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, ChinaUnderwater wire-feed laser deposition (UWLD) of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy was firstly carried out utilizing a laser deposition nozzle, and the deposition appearance, geometry characteristics, microstructure and microhardness of deposited tracks were studied. At a lower gas flow rate, the absorption of residual water and scattering of aerosol particles on laser beam caused UWLD instability and decreased molten metal wettability. Upon increasing the gas flow rate, the aerosol particle density decreased, increasing the laser density and decreasing the cooling rate of molten metal; thus, the height and deposition angle of UWLD track decreased as the corresponding width and fusion depth increased. The microstructures of the deposited metal at a gas flow rate of 10 L/min were composed of the coarse lath α phase in upper region and the acicular martensite α′ with different size scales in middle and bottom regions. With increasing the gas flow rate to 20 L/min, the microstructure was primarily acicular martensite along with a small amount of α phase, and the martensite exhibited a larger grain size and stronger texture. At a gas flow rate of 20 L/min, the deposited process was stable and uniform deposition track without oxidation layer was obtained for UWLD Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Keywords: Underwater wire-based laser deposition, Ti–6Al–4V alloy, Geometrical characteristics, Laser propagation mechanism, Microstructure, Microhardnesshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127519307221 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yunlong Fu Ning Guo Li Zhou Qi Cheng Jicai Feng |
spellingShingle |
Yunlong Fu Ning Guo Li Zhou Qi Cheng Jicai Feng Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy Materials & Design |
author_facet |
Yunlong Fu Ning Guo Li Zhou Qi Cheng Jicai Feng |
author_sort |
Yunlong Fu |
title |
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy |
title_short |
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy |
title_full |
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy |
title_fullStr |
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy |
title_sort |
underwater wire-feed laser deposition of the ti–6al–4v titanium alloy |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Materials & Design |
issn |
0264-1275 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Underwater wire-feed laser deposition (UWLD) of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy was firstly carried out utilizing a laser deposition nozzle, and the deposition appearance, geometry characteristics, microstructure and microhardness of deposited tracks were studied. At a lower gas flow rate, the absorption of residual water and scattering of aerosol particles on laser beam caused UWLD instability and decreased molten metal wettability. Upon increasing the gas flow rate, the aerosol particle density decreased, increasing the laser density and decreasing the cooling rate of molten metal; thus, the height and deposition angle of UWLD track decreased as the corresponding width and fusion depth increased. The microstructures of the deposited metal at a gas flow rate of 10 L/min were composed of the coarse lath α phase in upper region and the acicular martensite α′ with different size scales in middle and bottom regions. With increasing the gas flow rate to 20 L/min, the microstructure was primarily acicular martensite along with a small amount of α phase, and the martensite exhibited a larger grain size and stronger texture. At a gas flow rate of 20 L/min, the deposited process was stable and uniform deposition track without oxidation layer was obtained for UWLD Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Keywords: Underwater wire-based laser deposition, Ti–6Al–4V alloy, Geometrical characteristics, Laser propagation mechanism, Microstructure, Microhardness |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127519307221 |
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