Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut
Gut microbiota is considered a separate organ with endocrine capabilities, actively contributing to tissue homeostasis. It consists of at least two separate microbial populations, the lumen-associated (LAM) and the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM). In the present study, we compared LAM and MAM, by...
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doaj-6e4ad5d98ddd46119af61c669c6b1f502020-11-24T23:56:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2018-02-01910.3389/fmicb.2018.00213334465Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the GutFrancesca Borgo0Stefania Garbossa1Alessandra Riva2Alessandra Riva3Marco Severgnini4Carmelo Luigiano5Albero Benetti6Antonio E. Pontiroli7Antonio E. Pontiroli8Giulia Morace9Elisa Borghi10Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDivision of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network “Chemistry meets Microbiology”, University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, ItalyASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, ItalyASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyGut microbiota is considered a separate organ with endocrine capabilities, actively contributing to tissue homeostasis. It consists of at least two separate microbial populations, the lumen-associated (LAM) and the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM). In the present study, we compared LAM and MAM, by collecting stools and sigmoid brush samples of forty adults without large-bowel symptoms, and through a 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. MAM sample analysis revealed enrichment in aerotolerant Proteobacteria, probably selected by a gradient of oxygen that decreases from tissue to lumen, and in Streptococcus and Clostridium spp., highly fermenting bacteria. On the other hand, LAM microbiota showed an increased abundance in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Oscillospira, genera able to digest and to degrade biopolymers in the large intestine. Predicted metagenomic analysis showed LAM to be enriched in genes encoding enzymes mostly involved in energy extraction from carbohydrates and lipids, whereas MAM in amino acid and vitamin metabolism. Moreover, LAM and MAM communities seemed to be influenced by different host factors, such as diet and sex. LAM is affected by body mass index (BMI) status. Indeed, BMI negatively correlates with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Flavonifractor plautii abundance, putative biomarkers of healthy status. In contrast, MAM microbial population showed a significant grouping according to sex. Female MAM was enriched in Actinobacteria (with an increased trend of the genus Bifidobacterium), and a significant depletion in Veillonellaceae. Interestingly, we found the species Gemmiger formicilis to be associated with male and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, with female MAM samples. In conclusion, our results suggest that gut harbors microbial niches that differ in both composition and host factor susceptibility, and their richness and diversity may be overlooked evaluating only fecal samples.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00213/fullluminal microbiotamucosa-associated microbiotabody mass indexsexindicative species |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Francesca Borgo Stefania Garbossa Alessandra Riva Alessandra Riva Marco Severgnini Carmelo Luigiano Albero Benetti Antonio E. Pontiroli Antonio E. Pontiroli Giulia Morace Elisa Borghi |
spellingShingle |
Francesca Borgo Stefania Garbossa Alessandra Riva Alessandra Riva Marco Severgnini Carmelo Luigiano Albero Benetti Antonio E. Pontiroli Antonio E. Pontiroli Giulia Morace Elisa Borghi Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut Frontiers in Microbiology luminal microbiota mucosa-associated microbiota body mass index sex indicative species |
author_facet |
Francesca Borgo Stefania Garbossa Alessandra Riva Alessandra Riva Marco Severgnini Carmelo Luigiano Albero Benetti Antonio E. Pontiroli Antonio E. Pontiroli Giulia Morace Elisa Borghi |
author_sort |
Francesca Borgo |
title |
Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut |
title_short |
Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut |
title_full |
Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut |
title_fullStr |
Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut |
title_full_unstemmed |
Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut |
title_sort |
body mass index and sex affect diverse microbial niches within the gut |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
Gut microbiota is considered a separate organ with endocrine capabilities, actively contributing to tissue homeostasis. It consists of at least two separate microbial populations, the lumen-associated (LAM) and the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM). In the present study, we compared LAM and MAM, by collecting stools and sigmoid brush samples of forty adults without large-bowel symptoms, and through a 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. MAM sample analysis revealed enrichment in aerotolerant Proteobacteria, probably selected by a gradient of oxygen that decreases from tissue to lumen, and in Streptococcus and Clostridium spp., highly fermenting bacteria. On the other hand, LAM microbiota showed an increased abundance in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Oscillospira, genera able to digest and to degrade biopolymers in the large intestine. Predicted metagenomic analysis showed LAM to be enriched in genes encoding enzymes mostly involved in energy extraction from carbohydrates and lipids, whereas MAM in amino acid and vitamin metabolism. Moreover, LAM and MAM communities seemed to be influenced by different host factors, such as diet and sex. LAM is affected by body mass index (BMI) status. Indeed, BMI negatively correlates with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Flavonifractor plautii abundance, putative biomarkers of healthy status. In contrast, MAM microbial population showed a significant grouping according to sex. Female MAM was enriched in Actinobacteria (with an increased trend of the genus Bifidobacterium), and a significant depletion in Veillonellaceae. Interestingly, we found the species Gemmiger formicilis to be associated with male and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, with female MAM samples. In conclusion, our results suggest that gut harbors microbial niches that differ in both composition and host factor susceptibility, and their richness and diversity may be overlooked evaluating only fecal samples. |
topic |
luminal microbiota mucosa-associated microbiota body mass index sex indicative species |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00213/full |
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