CHANGES OF CUTICLE SURFACE LIPIDS OF POPULUS ITALICA AND BETULA PENDULA CAUSED BY POLLUTION

• Main Authors: O. M. Zubrovskaya, V. M. Gryshko
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 2014-08-01
• Series: Bìologìčnij Vìsnik Melìtopolʹsʹkogo Deržavnogo Pedagogìčnogo Universitetu Imenì Bogdana Hmelʹnicʹkogo
• Online Access: http://ojs.mdpu.org.ua/index.php/biol/article/view/889

Arboreal plants intensively accumulate heavy metals, resulting in a corresponding revocation level of physiological processes. The lipid components operate an important role in the formation of plant resistance. Therefore, it was very important to determine the characteristics of lipid peroxidation flow in leaves of arboreal plants, and changes in the composition of cuticle surface lipids at different levels of heavy metal accumulation. Research objects were Populus italica (Du Roi) Moench and Betula pendula Roth. of second age group, growing on the industrial site РJSC ‘Kryvyi Rig Factory of minium’ (with strong contamination) and in the arboretum of Kryvyi Rig Botanic Garden, National Academy of Science of Ukraine (conventional control). Leaves were taken from the middle of the crown southwest exposure in phase of leaf full separation and 5-10 day of phase finishing point of their growth. It was shown that P. italica maximally accumulated zinc, content of which was increased in the phase of leaf full separation and on 5-10 day of phase of leaf growth finishing point relative to the control to 12,6 and 23 times respectively. The accumulation level of heavy metals was typically less significant for assimilation organs of B. pendula compared to P. italica. Thus, the content of zinc and lead in the leaves during the study increased only in 2 times towards control. The leaves of B. pendula, unlike P. italica, more intensively accumulated cadmium in the phase of leaf full separation and on 5-10 day of phase finishing point of their growth (it was 6 and 15 times higher relative to control respectively). It was obviously connected to the fact that the surface texture of poplar leaves may cause intense sticking of dust particles containing heavy metals and penetration into the leaves. The effect of heavy metals in both phases of leaf morphogenesis caused an increase in lipid peroxidation by 40-52% for P. italica and almost by 3 times for B. pendula. Furthermore, we marked special patterns for these species towards changes in the composition of the surface cuticle lipids in their leaves. In P. іtalica we marked decrease of heterogeneity in its composition (not identified triglycerides). In B. pendula we registered greater amount of low molecular weight components (sterols and free fatty acids). The leaves of P. italica were characterized by increased content of phospholipids and diglycerides, while its level was insignificantly decreased in B. pendula. Common specific feature of these species was increasing of sterol ester content in all the phases of leaves morphogenesis. Key words: Populus italica, Betula pendula, heavy metals, TBK-active products, surface lipids, cuticle.