A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations

A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations

The formulation of the Hall–Petch relationship in the early 1950s has raised immense interest in studying the influence of the grain size of solid materials on their properties. Grain refinement can be achieved through extreme deformation. In the presented study, Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP...

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Main Authors: Marta Harničárová, Jan Valíček, Milena Kušnerová, Zuzana Palková, Ivan Kopal, Cristina Borzan, Milan Kadnár, Stanislav Paulovič
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
structural and mechanical changes
ECAP
extrusion
grain size
copper
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/10/2594
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spelling doaj-6da0f9a4286e48f5bfd04dd7128fb7e92021-06-01T00:12:01ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-05-01142594259410.3390/ma14102594A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic DeformationsMarta Harničárová0Jan Valíček1Milena Kušnerová2Zuzana Palková3Ivan Kopal4Cristina Borzan5Milan Kadnár6Stanislav Paulovič7Department of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Numerical Methods and Computational Modeling, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, SlovakiaDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering, Machine Building Faculty, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii no. 103–105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Machine Design, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaThe formulation of the Hall–Petch relationship in the early 1950s has raised immense interest in studying the influence of the grain size of solid materials on their properties. Grain refinement can be achieved through extreme deformation. In the presented study, Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) was successfully applied to produce an ultrafine-grained microstructure in a pure commercial Cu of 99.9 wt%. Samples were processed by ECAP at 21 °C for six passes via route A. A new equation of equilibrium that allows the exact determination of the number of extrusions and other technological parameters required to achieve the desired final grain size has been developed. The presented research also deals, in a relatively detailed and comparative way, with the use of ultrasound. In this context, a very close correlation between the process functions of extrusion and the speed of longitudinal ultrasonic waves was confirmed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/10/2594structural and mechanical changesECAPextrusiongrain sizecopper
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Marta Harničárová
Jan Valíček
Milena Kušnerová
Zuzana Palková
Ivan Kopal
Cristina Borzan
Milan Kadnár
Stanislav Paulovič
spellingShingle Marta Harničárová
Jan Valíček
Milena Kušnerová
Zuzana Palková
Ivan Kopal
Cristina Borzan
Milan Kadnár
Stanislav Paulovič
A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations
Materials
structural and mechanical changes
ECAP
extrusion
grain size
copper
author_facet Marta Harničárová
Jan Valíček
Milena Kušnerová
Zuzana Palková
Ivan Kopal
Cristina Borzan
Milan Kadnár
Stanislav Paulovič
author_sort Marta Harničárová
title A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations
title_short A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations
title_full A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations
title_fullStr A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations
title_full_unstemmed A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations
title_sort new method of predicting the structural and mechanical change of materials during extrusion by the method of multiple plastic deformations
publisher MDPI AG
series Materials
issn 1996-1944
publishDate 2021-05-01
description The formulation of the Hall–Petch relationship in the early 1950s has raised immense interest in studying the influence of the grain size of solid materials on their properties. Grain refinement can be achieved through extreme deformation. In the presented study, Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) was successfully applied to produce an ultrafine-grained microstructure in a pure commercial Cu of 99.9 wt%. Samples were processed by ECAP at 21 °C for six passes via route A. A new equation of equilibrium that allows the exact determination of the number of extrusions and other technological parameters required to achieve the desired final grain size has been developed. The presented research also deals, in a relatively detailed and comparative way, with the use of ultrasound. In this context, a very close correlation between the process functions of extrusion and the speed of longitudinal ultrasonic waves was confirmed.
topic structural and mechanical changes
ECAP
extrusion
grain size
copper
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/10/2594
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