Association between ACTN3 and acute mountain sickness

• Main Authors: Ricardo Muller Bottura, Giscard Humberto Oliveira Lima, Debora Cristina Hipolide, João Bosco Pesquero
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2019-12-01
• Series: Genes and Environment
• Subjects: ACTN3; Acute Mountain sickness; Acclimatization; Altitude; Hypoxia; Hypoxemia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-019-0133-8

Abstract Background During the process of acclimatization, when our organism needs to adjust several metabolic processes in the attempt of establishing a better oxygenation, it is normal that individuals present some symptoms that can lead to the disease of the mountain. However, not everyone presents such symptoms and individuals native of high altitudes regions present genetic differences compared to natives of low altitudes which can generate a better acute adaptation. One of these differences is the higher proportion of type I muscle fibers, which may originate from the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene. The aim of this study was to compare the response of individuals with different ACTN3 genotypes at simulated 4500 m altitude on the presence of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) symptoms. Twenty-three volunteers (RR = 7, RX = 8, XX = 8) spent 4 hours exposed to a simulated altitude of 4500 m inside a normobaric hypoxia chamber. Lactate and glucose concentrations, SpO2, heart rate and the symptoms of AMS were analyzed immediately before entering the chamber and at each hour of exposure. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software. Results Our results point to an association between AMS symptoms and the presence of R allele from R577X polymorphism. Conclusion We conclude that individuals with at least one R allele of the R577X polymorphism seems to be more susceptible to the effects of hypoxia during the acclimatization process and may develop AMS symptoms.