Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT/U) berhubungan dengan daya ingat anak usia 5-6 tahun

• Main Authors: Eny Palupi, Ahmad Sulaeman, Angelika Ploeger
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alma Ata University Press 2017-05-01
• Series: Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia
• Subjects: children 5-6 years; cognitive performance; nutritional status
• Online Access: http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/IJND/article/view/346

<p class="Body"><strong><em>Background</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Lack of nutrient during the early-life might impair the brain development which is not able to be paid-off on later life.<strong>  </strong></em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Objectives</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> To </em><em>explore the potential relationship between a series of nutritional status (weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age) and a series of brain development indicators (memory, learning, attention, IQ and EQ). </em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Brain development indicators were assessed using Projective Multi-phase Orientation method.</em><em> </em><em>This study was conducted among 118 boys and 103 girls age 5-6 years old from 5 different rural and urban areas in Bogor, West-Java, Indonesia, between November </em><em>2012 </em><em>to December 201</em><em>3</em><em>. Non-parametric test and Principal Component Analysis were </em><em>applied for data analysis. </em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Results</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> There was </em><em>a positive relationship </em><em>(</em><em>p</em><em>&lt;0.05</em><em>) </em><em>between BMI and memory ability but failed to reveal any significant differences between the cognitive abilities assessed and two other child growth indicators (weight-for-age and height-for-age). A Mann-Whitney U test showed that children with BMI-for-age z score </em><em>≥ -3 (</em><em>n</em><em>=170) had significantly (</em><em>p</em><em>&lt;0.05</em><em>) better memory’s ability (50.49±11.92) compared to </em><em>children with BMI-for-age z score &lt;</em><em> -3 (</em><em>n</em><em>=51) (46.65±11.13). </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>BMI-for-age was potential as a predictor for brain development of children age 5-6 years old. Correlation between the balance proportion of weight and height and the optimal hippocampal development in early-life stage was suspected as the reason behind this evidence.</em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Latar belakang: </em></strong><em>Kekurangan gizi pada masa awal kehidupan diprediksi mampu mempengaruhi perkembangan otak yang tidak mungkin untuk diperbaiki pada </em><em>tahap perkembangan berikutnya</em><em>.<strong></strong></em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Tujuan: </em></strong><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi hubungan antara status gizi (BB/U, TB/, dan IMT/U) dengan beberapa indikator perkembangan otak (memory, learning, attention, intelligence quotient (IQ), dan emotional quotient (EQ)). </em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Metode:</em></strong><em> Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study yang melibatkan 118 anak laki-laki dan 103 anak perempuan berusia 5 sampai 6 tahun, yang berasal dari 5 daerah yang berbeda di Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia</em><em>, pada </em><em>bulan November 2012 hingga Desember 2013. </em><em>Status gizi diukur menggunakan metode pengukuran antropometri. Beberapa indikator perkembangan otak diukur menggunakan metode </em><em>projective multi-phase orientation</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Data survei dianalisa </em><em>dengan</em><em> uji non-parametri</em><em>k</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>Mann withney U d</em><em>an</em><em> Kruskal Wallis</em><em>) menggunakan</em><em> </em><em>SPSS 16.0</em><em> </em><em>dan principal component analysis</em><em> </em><em>menggunakan </em><em>Unscrambler 10.2</em><em>. </em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Hasil: </em></strong><em>Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan (p&lt;0,05) antara IMT/U dan daya ingat, akan tetapi tidak berhasil mengungkapkan hubungan antara beberapa indikator perkembangan otak yang dianalisa dengan parameter status gizi yang lain (BB/U dan TB/U). Uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan bahwa anak dengan nilai z skor IMT/U ≥ -3 (n=170) secara signifikan (p&lt;0,05) memiliki daya ingat yang lebih baik (50,49±11,92) dibandingkan dengan anak yang nilai z skor</em><em> IMT/U</em><em> &lt; -3 (n=51) (46,65±11,13).</em></p><p class="Body"><strong><em>Kesimpulan:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>IMT/U berpotensi sebagai prediktor awal terhadap kualitas perkembangan otak pada anak usia 5 sampai 6 tahun. Hubungan antara proporsi keseimbangan tinggi dan berat badan terhadap perkembangan hippocampus diprediksi menjadi alasan dibalik penemuan </em><em>ini</em><em>.</em></p><p><em><strong>KATA KUNCI: </strong><em>anak usia 5-6 tahun, kemampuan kognitif, status gizi</em><br /></em></p>