Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commer...

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Main Author: Simson Tarigan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan 2015-06-01
Series:Wartazoa
Subjects:
M2e
Online Access:http://medpub.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/wartazoa/article/view/1144/pdf
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spelling doaj-6be6b110065d4aaabd40cd0ab76850272020-11-25T01:24:01ZengPusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan PeternakanWartazoa0216-64612354-68322015-06-012527584http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v25i2.1144Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.Simson Tarigan0—Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.http://medpub.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/wartazoa/article/view/1144/pdfH5N1DIVA testheterologous neuraminidaseM2evaccination
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Simson Tarigan
spellingShingle Simson Tarigan
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
Wartazoa
H5N1
DIVA test
heterologous neuraminidase
M2e
vaccination
author_facet Simson Tarigan
author_sort Simson Tarigan
title Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
title_short Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
title_full Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
title_fullStr Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
title_full_unstemmed Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
title_sort highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 is endemic in indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. the virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. the test, differentiation infected from vaccinated animals (diva) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in indonesia. observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for hpai. the diva method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in italy, but it is difficult to be applied in indonesia. the diva method based on ectodomain protein m2 virus influenza (m2e) uses antibody against m2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. this method is potential to be used in indonesia because the m2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
publisher Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan
series Wartazoa
issn 0216-6461
2354-6832
publishDate 2015-06-01
description Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia especially in unvaccinated sector-4 poultry. Considering that vaccination against influenza viruses does not induce sterilizing immunity and the source of infection is prevalent around the vaccinated farms, infection in the commercial layers and breeders may be common. Because infection in vaccinated birds is usually subclinical, its presence is unnoticable. The virus in such farms may be circulated persistently and become the source of infection to the surrounding areas. The test, Differentiation Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) that can be used to identify subclinically infected farms is not available yet in Indonesia. Observation on sentinel chicken among vaccinated birds is a sensitive and accurate method but unsafe for HPAI. The DIVA method based on heterologous neuraminidase has been successfully used in Italy, but it is difficult to be applied in Indonesia. The DIVA method based on Ectodomain protein M2 virus Influenza (M2e) uses antibody against M2e as infection marker and does not limit the subtype of vaccine used. This method is potential to be used in Indonesia because the M2e is very conserved across all avian influenza viruses and has high proportion of post-infected seroconverted birds.
topic H5N1
DIVA test
heterologous neuraminidase
M2e
vaccination
url http://medpub.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/wartazoa/article/view/1144/pdf
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