Analisis kesulitan menyelesaikan soal model ujian nasional matematika dan self-efficacy siswa SMA

• Main Authors: Maria Rosadalima Wasida, Hartono Hartono
• Format: Article
• Language: Indonesian
• Published: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta 2018-05-01
• Series: Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika
• Subjects: analisis kesulitan; self-efficacy; ujian nasional; analysis of difficulties; national examination
• Online Access: https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jrpm/article/view/10060

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan jenis, letak, faktor kesulitan menyelesaikan soal model Ujian Nasional matematika dan self-efficacy siswa SMA di Kabupaten Ngada. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 95 siswa SMA di Kabupaten Ngada, berasal dari empat sekolah dengan kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes diagnostik, angket, observasi, dan pedoman wawancara. Tes diagnostik terdiri atas 7 butir soal uraian yang merupakan soal dengan daya serap rendah berdasarkan hasil UN tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 untuk mendiagnosis jenis dan letak kesulitan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung persentase jenis dan letak kesulitan, serta tingkat self-efficacy siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kesulitan dalam menyatakan fakta 79,5%; memahami konsep 88,7%; menerapkan prinsip 93,5%; dan menerapkan keterampilan 92,9%. Kesulitan terletak pada menentukan apa yang diketahui 77,3%; apa yang ditanya  44,4%; rumus 71,6%; sistematika penyelesaian 83%; hubungan antar konsep 92%; hubungan fakta dan konsep 89%; dan jawaban akhir 91,9% serta kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan operasi dasar matematika 88,9%. Faktor penyebab kesulitan antara lain ketidakmampuan dalam operasi aljabar, lupa, kurang teliti, terburu-buru, cepat menyerah, waktu yang kurang, kurangnya kesiapan dan keaktifan siswa, ketidakefektifan metode pembelajaran dan peranan guru. Sedangkan self-efficacy siswa berada pada kriteria sedang.   An analysis of the difficulty in solving mathematic problem national examination model and self-efficacy of students of SHSs   Abstract This study aims to describe types, loci, and factors of the difficulty in solving mathematic problem national examination model and self-efficacy of students of senior high schools (SHSs) in Ngada Regency. This was a survey study using the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research subjects were 95 students of SHSs in Ngada Regency from four schools with high, moderate, and low categories. The data were collected from diagnostic test, questionnaire, observation, and interview guideline. A diagnostic test consisting of 7 essay test items with low absorption indices according to the results of the NEs in the academic year of 2014/2015 to trace the types and the loci of difficulties. Data analysis was performed by calculating the percentage of the type and the loci of difficulties, and level of self-efficacy. The results showed that the type of difficulty experienced by students in solving the problem of the National Exam model of mathematics in expressing facts (79.5%), understanding concepts (88.7%), applying  principle of (93.5%), and applying skills (92.9%). The loci of difficulties on determining the known (77.3%), determining the asked  (44.4%), determining formulas (71.6%), determining solution systems (83%), determining the relationships among concepts (92%), determining the relationships between facts and concepts (89%), determining  final answers (91.9%), and the difficulty in solving basic mathematical operations 88,9%. The factors underlying the difficulties are  the inability in algebra operations, forgotten, less conscientious, are in a hurry, give up easily, the time is not enough, lack of the readiness and the involvement of  student, the ineffective of teaching methods and the  teacher role. The self-efficacy of 95 students is at moderate criteria.