Hispanic health disparities and housing: Comparing measured and self-reported health metrics among housed and homeless Latin individuals

• Main Authors: Ernesto Castañeda, Blaine Smith, Emma Vetter
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020-01-01
• Series: Journal of Migration and Health
• Subjects: Homelessness; Latinx; Hispanic Health Paradox; Housing insecurity; Hard to sample populations
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666623520300088

Previous studies argue that Hispanics are healthier and less likely to experience homelessness than other populations in their same socioeconomic position. However, earlier studies have not explored the relationship between housing status and health for Latin individuals. This study examines 1) the health disparities between homeless and housed Hispanics in El Paso, Texas, and 2) the Hispanic health and homelessness paradoxes using an intersectional framework to understand health risks. A large number of Hispanic residents of El Paso (N = 1152) were surveyed. Demographic, health, and housing data were collected. We contribute to the literature by providing detailed health indicators for homeless Hispanics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine health disparities between housed and homeless Hispanics. Bivariate analysis, as well as data coded from interviews, indicated that homeless Hispanics were more likely to have barriers to care, less likely to have health insurance, slightly more likely than housed Hispanics to experience mental illness, alcoholism, and addiction, and more likely to be underdiagnosed for health problems, including hypertension. This study shows how certain traditional methods for collecting health data, including self-rated health and reported diagnoses, can be ineffective at revealing health disparities. This paper calls for innovative, mixed-methods approaches to understand the social and structural determinants of health for marginalized populations.