Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)

Background: Pharmacists are increasingly involved in strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance by ensuring optimised antibiotic (AB) use, including adherence support. Successful adherence interventions should be tailored to patients’ barriers and validated instruments are needed. This study aimed...

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Main Authors: Melanie Haag, Kurt E. Hersberger, Isabelle Arnet
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/15/7768
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spelling doaj-69c026c1717f484ab18bf0e1246226102021-08-06T15:22:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-07-01187768776810.3390/ijerph18157768Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)Melanie Haag0Kurt E. Hersberger1Isabelle Arnet2Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, SwitzerlandPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, SwitzerlandPharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, SwitzerlandBackground: Pharmacists are increasingly involved in strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance by ensuring optimised antibiotic (AB) use, including adherence support. Successful adherence interventions should be tailored to patients’ barriers and validated instruments are needed. This study aimed to identify adherence barriers to AB treatment, develop a self-report questionnaire, and validate it in outpatients. Method: Adherence barriers were identified through a systematic literature search and focus group discussion. Unmodifiable and irrelevant barriers were excluded from further processing. A validation study assessed the questionnaire’s internal reliability and construct validity by comparing the questionnaire’s score with electronically monitored adherence data. Results: A 15-item questionnaire was created. Overall, 68 patients were included in the construct validation analysis (60.3% female). The mean consecutive taking adherence was 88% and the most frequently reported barriers were “worries about side-effects” (37%) and “having swallowing difficulties” (19%). Three items were excluded from the questionnaire, which was supported by an increase of Cronbach’s alpha (0.69 to 0.70). The 12-item version’s score correlated significantly with medication adherence rate (r = −0.34, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusion: The self-report questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to pre-emptively assess adherence barriers in outpatients prescribed ABs. In the future, appropriate adherence interventions can be matched to barriers and tested in a pilot intervention study.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/15/7768medication adherencemedicines optimizationpatient-centred pharmaceutical carepharmaceutical careresponsibilities/roles in pharmaceutical care
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Melanie Haag
Kurt E. Hersberger
Isabelle Arnet
spellingShingle Melanie Haag
Kurt E. Hersberger
Isabelle Arnet
Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
medication adherence
medicines optimization
patient-centred pharmaceutical care
pharmaceutical care
responsibilities/roles in pharmaceutical care
author_facet Melanie Haag
Kurt E. Hersberger
Isabelle Arnet
author_sort Melanie Haag
title Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)
title_short Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)
title_full Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)
title_fullStr Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Medication Adherence Barriers to Short-Term Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Primary Care—Development and Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire (BIOTICA)
title_sort assessing medication adherence barriers to short-term oral antibiotic treatment in primary care—development and validation of a self-report questionnaire (biotica)
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
issn 1661-7827
1660-4601
publishDate 2021-07-01
description Background: Pharmacists are increasingly involved in strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance by ensuring optimised antibiotic (AB) use, including adherence support. Successful adherence interventions should be tailored to patients’ barriers and validated instruments are needed. This study aimed to identify adherence barriers to AB treatment, develop a self-report questionnaire, and validate it in outpatients. Method: Adherence barriers were identified through a systematic literature search and focus group discussion. Unmodifiable and irrelevant barriers were excluded from further processing. A validation study assessed the questionnaire’s internal reliability and construct validity by comparing the questionnaire’s score with electronically monitored adherence data. Results: A 15-item questionnaire was created. Overall, 68 patients were included in the construct validation analysis (60.3% female). The mean consecutive taking adherence was 88% and the most frequently reported barriers were “worries about side-effects” (37%) and “having swallowing difficulties” (19%). Three items were excluded from the questionnaire, which was supported by an increase of Cronbach’s alpha (0.69 to 0.70). The 12-item version’s score correlated significantly with medication adherence rate (r = −0.34, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusion: The self-report questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to pre-emptively assess adherence barriers in outpatients prescribed ABs. In the future, appropriate adherence interventions can be matched to barriers and tested in a pilot intervention study.
topic medication adherence
medicines optimization
patient-centred pharmaceutical care
pharmaceutical care
responsibilities/roles in pharmaceutical care
url https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/15/7768
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