Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions

Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions

The synthesis of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> (YBCO or 123) superconductor was carried out under hyper- and hypo-eutectic conditions with different ammonium compounds, i.e., ammonium nitrate, formate, acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and tetramethy...

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Main Authors: Omar Gómez Rojas, Simon R. Hall, Tadachika Nakayama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-05-01
Series:Crystals
Subjects:
metal-containing eutectic mixtures
high-temperature superconductor
metal oxide
ammonium compounds
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/5/414
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spelling doaj-6973c39d12b445e1b83c4172c94ff2d72020-11-25T03:06:13ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522020-05-011041441410.3390/cryst10050414Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic ConditionsOmar Gómez Rojas0Simon R. Hall1Tadachika Nakayama2Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture 940-2188, JapanComplex Functional Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UKNagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture 940-2188, JapanThe synthesis of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> (YBCO or 123) superconductor was carried out under hyper- and hypo-eutectic conditions with different ammonium compounds, i.e., ammonium nitrate, formate, acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and tetramethylammonium nitrate. The aim was to find more affordable synthetic pathways using highly available and cheaper compounds, as well as to study the crystal formation under no-carbon conditions when ammonium nitrate was employed. Best results were obtained when eutectic conditions were achieved, namely by ammonium nitrate and YBaCu nitrates in a 5:1 molar ratio (81% of the superconductor). Ammonium formate, acetate, carbonate, and bicarbonate did not produce eutectic mixes. Temperature analysis of the reaction carried out by ammonium nitrate/YBaCu nitrates indicated the formation of barium carbonate, despite no carbon source being used in this reaction. This phenomenon is further discussed in this work. Consequently, tetramethylammonium nitrate, as a chelator and carbon source, was used, providing >96% of the superconductor.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/5/414metal-containing eutectic mixtureshigh-temperature superconductormetal oxideammonium compounds
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Omar Gómez Rojas
Simon R. Hall
Tadachika Nakayama
spellingShingle Omar Gómez Rojas
Simon R. Hall
Tadachika Nakayama
Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
Crystals
metal-containing eutectic mixtures
high-temperature superconductor
metal oxide
ammonium compounds
author_facet Omar Gómez Rojas
Simon R. Hall
Tadachika Nakayama
author_sort Omar Gómez Rojas
title Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
title_short Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
title_full Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
title_fullStr Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
title_sort synthesis of a metal oxide by forming solvate eutectic mixtures and study of their synthetic performance under hyper- and hypo-eutectic conditions
publisher MDPI AG
series Crystals
issn 2073-4352
publishDate 2020-05-01
description The synthesis of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> (YBCO or 123) superconductor was carried out under hyper- and hypo-eutectic conditions with different ammonium compounds, i.e., ammonium nitrate, formate, acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and tetramethylammonium nitrate. The aim was to find more affordable synthetic pathways using highly available and cheaper compounds, as well as to study the crystal formation under no-carbon conditions when ammonium nitrate was employed. Best results were obtained when eutectic conditions were achieved, namely by ammonium nitrate and YBaCu nitrates in a 5:1 molar ratio (81% of the superconductor). Ammonium formate, acetate, carbonate, and bicarbonate did not produce eutectic mixes. Temperature analysis of the reaction carried out by ammonium nitrate/YBaCu nitrates indicated the formation of barium carbonate, despite no carbon source being used in this reaction. This phenomenon is further discussed in this work. Consequently, tetramethylammonium nitrate, as a chelator and carbon source, was used, providing >96% of the superconductor.
topic metal-containing eutectic mixtures
high-temperature superconductor
metal oxide
ammonium compounds
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/5/414
work_keys_str_mv AT omargomezrojas synthesisofametaloxidebyformingsolvateeutecticmixturesandstudyoftheirsyntheticperformanceunderhyperandhypoeutecticconditions
AT simonrhall synthesisofametaloxidebyformingsolvateeutecticmixturesandstudyoftheirsyntheticperformanceunderhyperandhypoeutecticconditions
AT tadachikanakayama synthesisofametaloxidebyformingsolvateeutecticmixturesandstudyoftheirsyntheticperformanceunderhyperandhypoeutecticconditions
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