The Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine on Oxidative Injuries and Histological Changes Following Blunt Chest Trauma

• Main Authors: Kartal S, Kip G, Küçük A, Aşçı SS, Erdem Ö, Arslan M, Kavutçu M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2020-07-01
• Series: Drug Design, Development and Therapy
• Subjects: dexmedetomidine; ketamine; pulmonary contusion; oxidative injury; neutrophil infiltration/aggregation
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/the-effects-of-dexmedetomidine-and-ketamine-on-oxidative-injuries-and--peer-reviewed-article-DDDT

Seyfi Kartal,1 Gülay Kip,2 Ayşegül Küçük,3 Seyhan Sümeyra Aşçı,1 Özlem Erdem,4 Mustafa Arslan,2 Mustafa Kavutçu5 1Health Science University, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Trabzon, Turkey; 2Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey; 3Kütahya Health Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey; 4Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey; 5Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa ArslanGazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara 06510, TurkeyTel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [e-mail]: The objective of this research was to evaluate the oxidative and histopathological effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine on the pulmonary contusion model resulting from blunt chest trauma.Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups (n=6): control group (Group C), pulmonary contusion group (Group PC), PC-dexmedetomidine group (Group PC-D), PC-ketamine group (Group PC-K), and PC-dexmedetomidine + ketamine (Group PC-D+K). The PC was performed by dropping a weight of 500 g (2.45 Joules) from a height of 50 cm. In Group PC-D, after chest trauma, dexmedetomidine (100 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. In Group PC-K, after chest trauma, ketamine (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. In Group PC-D+K, dexmedetomidine and ketamine were administered together. At the end of the 6th hour, rats were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation, and thickness of the alveolar wall were evaluated.Results: MDA levels were significantly higher in Group PC than Groups C, PC-D, and PC-D+K. SOD enzyme activity was significantly higher in Group PC than Groups C, PC-D, and PC-D+K. In addition, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation and total pulmonary injury scores were significantly higher in Group PC than in other groups, and the thickness of the alveolar wall was significantly higher in Group PC compared to Groups C, PC-D, and PC-D+K. MDA level, SOD enzyme activities, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation, and thickness of alveolar wall were similar in PC-D and PC-D+K groups.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine+ketamine have protective effects on blunt chest trauma but no protective effect was observed when ketamine was administered alone. We concluded that the administration of dexmedetomidine and ketamine after contusion is beneficial against pulmonary injury in rats.Keywords: dexmedetomidine, ketamine, pulmonary contusion, oxidative injury, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation