Surgery to modify nutritional behaviour Cirugía para modificar el comportamiento nutritivo

The main aim of obesity surgery is to change the dietary habits of morbidly obese patients. These are patients whose dietary habits nutritionists and psychologists have not been able to change during previous decades. The history of this surgery can teach us many important lessons. For example, proc...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: M. García-Caballero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Arán Ediciones, S. L. 2005-02-01
Series:Nutrición Hospitalaria
Subjects:
Online Access:http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112005000100002
Description
Summary:The main aim of obesity surgery is to change the dietary habits of morbidly obese patients. These are patients whose dietary habits nutritionists and psychologists have not been able to change during previous decades. The history of this surgery can teach us many important lessons. For example, procedures that have focused on effecting a malabsorptive state, but without addressing any behavioural mechanism for weight control, such as jejunoileal bypass, have failed. On the other hand, those that have centered on only addressing behavioural issues, the purely restrictive, are also difficult for patients to comply with and also have a high failure rate. To facilitate a change in the nutritional behaviour of morbidly obese patients which can lead to the loss of an adequate amount of weight, and which could be maintained in the long term is difficult. We need to stimulate changes that can be easily followed by the patient, and at the same time, provoke minimal medium and long term alterations in their nutritional state. To achieve and maintain this aim efficiently, it is necessary that the patients have confidence in and respect the physician, so that they can follow strictly their medical advice.<br>El principal objetivo de la cirugía de la obesidad es cambiar los hábitos dietéticos de los pacientes con obesidad mórbida. Nutricionistas y psicólogos no han podido cambiarlos durante décadas. La historia de esta cirugía nos enseña lecciones importantes. Por ejemplo, que los procedimientos centrados en provocar una malabsorción sin ningún mecanismo de cambio de conducta dietética, como el bypass yeyuno-ileal, han fracasado. Por otro lado, los procedimientos bariátricos centrados sólo en mecanismos conductuales, los restrictivos puros, son difíciles de seguir para los pacientes y también tienen una alta tasa de fracasos. Facilitar un cambio en la conducta nutricional de los pacientes obesos mórbidos que les permita perder la cantidad de peso adecuada y mantenerla a largo plazo, es difícil. Debemos provocar cambios fáciles de seguir por los pacientes y que, al mismo tiempo, provoquen mínimas alteraciones de su estado nutritivo. Para conseguir y mantener este objetivo de forma eficiente es necesario conseguir la confianza y el respeto del paciente, de manera que éste siga estrictamente nuestras indicaciones.
ISSN:0212-1611