Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common pollutants in soil, have negative effects on soil ecosystems, and are potentially carcinogenic. The Springtail (Collembola) <it>Folsomia candida </it>is often used as an indicat...

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Main Authors: van Straalen Nico M, Ylstra Bauke, Bosse Mirte, Nota Benjamin, Roelofs Dick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2009-05-01
Series:BMC Genomics
Online Access:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/236
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spelling doaj-67953f739f784323be5a19263d01827b2020-11-24T21:44:57ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642009-05-0110123610.1186/1471-2164-10-236Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrenevan Straalen Nico MYlstra BaukeBosse MirteNota BenjaminRoelofs Dick<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common pollutants in soil, have negative effects on soil ecosystems, and are potentially carcinogenic. The Springtail (Collembola) <it>Folsomia candida </it>is often used as an indicator species for soil toxicity. Here we report a toxicogenomic study that translates the ecological effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in soil to the early transcriptomic responses in <it>Folsomia candida</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Microarrays were used to examine two different exposure concentrations of phenanthrene, namely the EC<sub>10 </sub>(24.95 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>soil) and EC<sub>50 </sub>(45.80 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>soil) on reproduction of this springtail, which evoked 405 and 251 differentially expressed transcripts, respectively. Fifty transcripts were differential in response to either concentration. Many transcripts encoding xenobiotic detoxification and biotransformation enzymes (phases I, II, and III) were upregulated in response to either concentration. Furthermore, indications of general and oxidative stress were found in response to phenanthrene. Chitin metabolism appeared to be disrupted particularly at the low concentration, and protein translation appeared suppressed at the high concentration of phenanthrene; most likely in order to reallocate energy budgets for the detoxification process. Finally, an immune response was evoked especially in response to the high effect concentration, which was also described in a previous transcriptomic study using the same effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of cadmium.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study provides new insights in the molecular mode of action of the important polluting class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil animals. Furthermore, we present a fast, sensitive, and specific soil toxicity test which enhances traditional tests and may help to improve current environmental risk assessments and monitoring of potentially polluted sites.</p> http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/236
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author van Straalen Nico M
Ylstra Bauke
Bosse Mirte
Nota Benjamin
Roelofs Dick
spellingShingle van Straalen Nico M
Ylstra Bauke
Bosse Mirte
Nota Benjamin
Roelofs Dick
Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
BMC Genomics
author_facet van Straalen Nico M
Ylstra Bauke
Bosse Mirte
Nota Benjamin
Roelofs Dick
author_sort van Straalen Nico M
title Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
title_short Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
title_full Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
title_fullStr Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>Folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
title_sort transcriptomics reveals extensive inducible biotransformation in the soil-dwelling invertebrate <it>folsomia candida </it>exposed to phenanthrene
publisher BMC
series BMC Genomics
issn 1471-2164
publishDate 2009-05-01
description <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common pollutants in soil, have negative effects on soil ecosystems, and are potentially carcinogenic. The Springtail (Collembola) <it>Folsomia candida </it>is often used as an indicator species for soil toxicity. Here we report a toxicogenomic study that translates the ecological effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in soil to the early transcriptomic responses in <it>Folsomia candida</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Microarrays were used to examine two different exposure concentrations of phenanthrene, namely the EC<sub>10 </sub>(24.95 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>soil) and EC<sub>50 </sub>(45.80 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>soil) on reproduction of this springtail, which evoked 405 and 251 differentially expressed transcripts, respectively. Fifty transcripts were differential in response to either concentration. Many transcripts encoding xenobiotic detoxification and biotransformation enzymes (phases I, II, and III) were upregulated in response to either concentration. Furthermore, indications of general and oxidative stress were found in response to phenanthrene. Chitin metabolism appeared to be disrupted particularly at the low concentration, and protein translation appeared suppressed at the high concentration of phenanthrene; most likely in order to reallocate energy budgets for the detoxification process. Finally, an immune response was evoked especially in response to the high effect concentration, which was also described in a previous transcriptomic study using the same effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of cadmium.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study provides new insights in the molecular mode of action of the important polluting class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil animals. Furthermore, we present a fast, sensitive, and specific soil toxicity test which enhances traditional tests and may help to improve current environmental risk assessments and monitoring of potentially polluted sites.</p>
url http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/236
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