Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants
When a fire takes place in a tunnel, the surface of the asphalt pavement will burn and release a large amount of smoke, which is toxic to human health. Thus, in order to prevent the combustion of the asphalt pavement under fire, it is necessary to propose some methods to retard its physical and chem...
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doaj-65e7115401664d1599d34d1f8fcdedcf2020-11-24T21:49:08ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442019-04-01128128310.3390/ma12081283ma12081283Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire RetardantsGuangji Xu0Xiao Chen1Shichao Zhu2Lingdi Kong3Xiaoming Huang4Jiewen Zhao5Tao Ma6School of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiulonghu, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiulonghu, Nanjing 211189, ChinaQilu Transportation Development Group, 1 Longaoxi, Jinan 200101, ChinaShandong Guilu Expressway Construction Co. Ltd., 23 Changrun, Liaocheng 252000, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiulonghu, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiulonghu, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Jiulonghu, Nanjing 211189, ChinaWhen a fire takes place in a tunnel, the surface of the asphalt pavement will burn and release a large amount of smoke, which is toxic to human health. Thus, in order to prevent the combustion of the asphalt pavement under fire, it is necessary to propose some methods to retard its physical and chemical reaction under the high temperature. In this study, ten different combinations of fire retardants and a control case where no fire retardant was applied were prepared for evaluation. The thermogravimetric (TG)–mass spectrometry (MS) tests were used to evaluate their effect on the fire retardance from mass and energy perspectives and the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software was used to evaluate the fire retardance from temperature and smoke distribution perspectives. In experimental analysis, the TG (thermogravimetric) and DTG (differential thermogravimetric) curves were used to analyze the mass loss rate and residual mass of the asphalt and the activation energy was calculated and analyzed as well. In addition, decay rate of mass loss rate and increasing rate of activation energy were proposed to evaluate the ease of combustion of the asphalt with and without fire retardants. The results show that in laboratory experiments, the fire retardant combination which includes 48% aluminum hydroxide, 32% magnesium hydroxide, 5% expanded graphite, and 15% encapsulated red phosphorous would lead to an improved effect of fire retardance. In numerical modeling, the temperature and smoke height distribution over time were adopted to evaluate the fire retardance effect. The temperature distribution was found to be symmetrical on both sides of the combustion point and the same combination as proposed in experimental analysis was found to have the best effect on fire retardance due to the largest decrease in temperature. Additionally, because of the highest smoke height distribution, an improved effect on smoke suppression was also found when this combination was applied.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/8/1283asphaltfire retardancesmoke suppressionthermogravimetrydifferential thermogravimetryactivation energytemperature distributionsmoke height distribution |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Guangji Xu Xiao Chen Shichao Zhu Lingdi Kong Xiaoming Huang Jiewen Zhao Tao Ma |
spellingShingle |
Guangji Xu Xiao Chen Shichao Zhu Lingdi Kong Xiaoming Huang Jiewen Zhao Tao Ma Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants Materials asphalt fire retardance smoke suppression thermogravimetry differential thermogravimetry activation energy temperature distribution smoke height distribution |
author_facet |
Guangji Xu Xiao Chen Shichao Zhu Lingdi Kong Xiaoming Huang Jiewen Zhao Tao Ma |
author_sort |
Guangji Xu |
title |
Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants |
title_short |
Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants |
title_full |
Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Asphalt with Different Combinations of Fire Retardants |
title_sort |
evaluation of asphalt with different combinations of fire retardants |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
When a fire takes place in a tunnel, the surface of the asphalt pavement will burn and release a large amount of smoke, which is toxic to human health. Thus, in order to prevent the combustion of the asphalt pavement under fire, it is necessary to propose some methods to retard its physical and chemical reaction under the high temperature. In this study, ten different combinations of fire retardants and a control case where no fire retardant was applied were prepared for evaluation. The thermogravimetric (TG)–mass spectrometry (MS) tests were used to evaluate their effect on the fire retardance from mass and energy perspectives and the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software was used to evaluate the fire retardance from temperature and smoke distribution perspectives. In experimental analysis, the TG (thermogravimetric) and DTG (differential thermogravimetric) curves were used to analyze the mass loss rate and residual mass of the asphalt and the activation energy was calculated and analyzed as well. In addition, decay rate of mass loss rate and increasing rate of activation energy were proposed to evaluate the ease of combustion of the asphalt with and without fire retardants. The results show that in laboratory experiments, the fire retardant combination which includes 48% aluminum hydroxide, 32% magnesium hydroxide, 5% expanded graphite, and 15% encapsulated red phosphorous would lead to an improved effect of fire retardance. In numerical modeling, the temperature and smoke height distribution over time were adopted to evaluate the fire retardance effect. The temperature distribution was found to be symmetrical on both sides of the combustion point and the same combination as proposed in experimental analysis was found to have the best effect on fire retardance due to the largest decrease in temperature. Additionally, because of the highest smoke height distribution, an improved effect on smoke suppression was also found when this combination was applied. |
topic |
asphalt fire retardance smoke suppression thermogravimetry differential thermogravimetry activation energy temperature distribution smoke height distribution |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/8/1283 |
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