| Summary: | <i>Camellia oleifera</i> is an important Chinese commercial crop. <i>Camellia oleifera</i> can display abnormal leaves due to infection by the parasitic fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i>. <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> was isolated from infected leaves and used in fermentation, and exopolysaccharides EP0-1 and EP0.5-1 were purified from the fermentation broth. EP0-1 was an alkaline polysaccharide consisting mainly of the linkages α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →2)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→ and →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →3)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→ and→4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→, terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, (1→5)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, and terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">D</span>-GlcN(1→. EP0.5-1 was an acidic galactofuranose-containing polysaccharide. It contained the linkages of α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →2)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→,→2, 6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→, →4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp(1→, and →4)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-GlcUA(1→. Galactofuranose linkages were composed of terminal β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf, (1→6)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf and (1→2)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galf. <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> exopolysaccharides displayed significant immunoregulatory activity by activating macrophages. This research indicates that infected leaves from <i>Camellia oleifera</i> including the exopolysaccharides produced by the parasitic fungus <i>Exobasidium gracile</i> by are worth further investigation as a functional product.
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