Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine

Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine

Porous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>″,<i>N</i>‴-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H<sub>2</sub>O wi...

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Main Authors: Naofumi Naga, Minako Ito, Aya Mezaki, Hao-Chun Tang, Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Masato Sone, Hassan Nageh, Tamaki Nakano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
porous polymer
Michael addition reaction
acryl amide
diamine
electroless plating
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/800
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spelling doaj-65295dfdc5834938876268c45ece83a22021-02-10T00:00:05ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-011480080010.3390/ma14040800Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a DiamineNaofumi Naga0Minako Ito1Aya Mezaki2Hao-Chun Tang3Tso-Fu Mark Chang4Masato Sone5Hassan Nageh6Tamaki Nakano7Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanGraduate School of Science & Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanDepartment of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanInstitute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, JapanInstitute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, JapanInstitute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, JapanInstitute for Catalysis and Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, JapanInstitute for Catalysis and Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, JapanPorous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>″,<i>N</i>‴-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H<sub>2</sub>O without catalyst. Reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration and reaction temperature, affected the morphology of the resulting porous structures. Connected spheres, co-continuous monolithic structures and/or isolated holes were observed on the surface of the porous polymers. These structures were formed by polymerization-induced phase separation via spinodal decomposition or highly internal phase separation. The obtained porous polymers were soft and flexible and not breakable by compression. The porous polymers adsorbed various solvents. An AM4-HDA porous polymer could be plated by Ni using an electroless plating process via catalyzation by palladium (II) acetylacetonate following reduction of Ni ions in a plating solution. The intermediate Pd-catalyzed porous polymer promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/800porous polymerMichael addition reactionacryl amidediamineelectroless plating
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Naofumi Naga
Minako Ito
Aya Mezaki
Hao-Chun Tang
Tso-Fu Mark Chang
Masato Sone
Hassan Nageh
Tamaki Nakano
spellingShingle Naofumi Naga
Minako Ito
Aya Mezaki
Hao-Chun Tang
Tso-Fu Mark Chang
Masato Sone
Hassan Nageh
Tamaki Nakano
Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine
Materials
porous polymer
Michael addition reaction
acryl amide
diamine
electroless plating
author_facet Naofumi Naga
Minako Ito
Aya Mezaki
Hao-Chun Tang
Tso-Fu Mark Chang
Masato Sone
Hassan Nageh
Tamaki Nakano
author_sort Naofumi Naga
title Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine
title_short Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine
title_full Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine
title_fullStr Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine
title_full_unstemmed Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine
title_sort morphology control and metallization of porous polymers synthesized by michael addition reactions of a multi-functional acrylamide with a diamine
publisher MDPI AG
series Materials
issn 1996-1944
publishDate 2021-02-01
description Porous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>″,<i>N</i>‴-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H<sub>2</sub>O without catalyst. Reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration and reaction temperature, affected the morphology of the resulting porous structures. Connected spheres, co-continuous monolithic structures and/or isolated holes were observed on the surface of the porous polymers. These structures were formed by polymerization-induced phase separation via spinodal decomposition or highly internal phase separation. The obtained porous polymers were soft and flexible and not breakable by compression. The porous polymers adsorbed various solvents. An AM4-HDA porous polymer could be plated by Ni using an electroless plating process via catalyzation by palladium (II) acetylacetonate following reduction of Ni ions in a plating solution. The intermediate Pd-catalyzed porous polymer promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid.
topic porous polymer
Michael addition reaction
acryl amide
diamine
electroless plating
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/800
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AT ayamezaki morphologycontrolandmetallizationofporouspolymerssynthesizedbymichaeladditionreactionsofamultifunctionalacrylamidewithadiamine
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