| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycobacterium abscessus</it> group includes antibiotic-resistant, opportunistic mycobacteria that are responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of cutaneous, pulmonary and disseminated infections. However, because of their close genetic relationships, accurate discrimination between the various strains of these mycobacteria remains difficult. In this report, we describe the development of a multispacer sequence typing (MST) analysis for the simultaneous identification and typing of <it>M. abscessus</it> mycobacteria. We also compared MST with the reference multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) typing method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on the <it>M. abscessus</it> CIP104536<sup>T</sup> genome, eight intergenic spacers were selected, PCR amplified and sequenced in 21 <it>M. abscessus</it> isolates and analysed in 48 available <it>M. abscessus</it> genomes. MST and MLSA grouped 37 <it>M. abscessus</it> organisms into 12 and nine types, respectively; four formerly “<it>M. bolletii</it>” organisms and <it>M. abscessus</it> M139 into three and four types, respectively; and 27 formerly “<it>M. massiliense</it>” organisms grouped into nine and five types, respectively. The Hunter-Gaston index was off 0.912 for MST and of 0.903 for MLSA. The MST-derived tree was similar to that based on MLSA and <it>rpoB</it> gene sequencing and yielded three main clusters comprising each the type strain of the respective <it>M. abscessus</it> sub-species. Two isolates exhibited discordant MLSA- and <it>rpoB</it> gene sequence-derived position, one isolate exhibited discordant MST- and <it>rpoB</it> gene sequence-derived position and one isolate exhibited discordant MST- and MLSA-derived position. MST spacer n°2 sequencing alone allowed for the accurate identification of the different isolates at the sub-species level.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>MST is a new sequencing-based approach for both identifying and genotyping <it>M. abscessus</it> mycobacteria that clearly differentiates formerly “<it>M. massiliense</it>” organisms from other <it>M. abscessus</it> subsp. <it>bolletii</it> organisms.</p>
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