Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a tauopathy that has a multifactorial etiology. Numerous studies that have investigated lead exposure and traumatic brain injury (TBI) as risk factors for other tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, but not for PSP.Objective: We sought to...

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Main Authors: Kristen D. Kelley, Harvey Checkoway, Deborah A. Hall, Stephen G. Reich, Chris Cunningham, Irene Litvan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
Subjects:
PSP
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00474/full
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spelling doaj-63bf4d91bf7d4668bdb9e410653dc3d62020-11-25T00:23:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952018-06-01910.3389/fneur.2018.00474379037Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among VeteransKristen D. Kelley0Harvey Checkoway1Deborah A. Hall2Stephen G. Reich3Chris Cunningham4Irene Litvan5School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United StatesClinical Trials Unit, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesBackground: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a tauopathy that has a multifactorial etiology. Numerous studies that have investigated lead exposure and traumatic brain injury (TBI) as risk factors for other tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, but not for PSP.Objective: We sought to investigate the role of firearm usage, as a possible indicator of lead exposure, and TBI as risk factors for PSP in a population of military veterans.Methods: We included participants from a larger case-control study who reported previous military service. Our sample included 67 PSP cases and 68 controls. Participants were administered a questionnaire to characterize firearm use in the military and occurrence of TBI.Results: Cases were significantly less educated than controls. In unadjusted analyses, the proportion of PSP cases (80.6%) and controls (64.7%) who reported use of firearms as part of their military job was positively associated with PSP, odds ratio (OR) 2.2 (95% CI: 1–5.0). There were no significant case-control differences in mean service duration. There was only a weak association with history of TBI, OR 1.6 (95% CI: 0.8–3.4). In multivariate models, firearm usage (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 9.8) remained significantly associated with PSP.Conclusions: Our findings show a positive association between firearm usage and PSP and an inverse association between education and PSP. The former suggests a possible etiologic role of lead. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential etiologic effects of metals on PSP.The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00431301.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00474/fullPSPcase-control studymilitaryfirearmstraumatic brain injury
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Kristen D. Kelley
Harvey Checkoway
Deborah A. Hall
Stephen G. Reich
Chris Cunningham
Irene Litvan
spellingShingle Kristen D. Kelley
Harvey Checkoway
Deborah A. Hall
Stephen G. Reich
Chris Cunningham
Irene Litvan
Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans
Frontiers in Neurology
PSP
case-control study
military
firearms
traumatic brain injury
author_facet Kristen D. Kelley
Harvey Checkoway
Deborah A. Hall
Stephen G. Reich
Chris Cunningham
Irene Litvan
author_sort Kristen D. Kelley
title Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans
title_short Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans
title_full Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans
title_fullStr Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans
title_full_unstemmed Traumatic Brain Injury and Firearm Use and Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Among Veterans
title_sort traumatic brain injury and firearm use and risk of progressive supranuclear palsy among veterans
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Neurology
issn 1664-2295
publishDate 2018-06-01
description Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a tauopathy that has a multifactorial etiology. Numerous studies that have investigated lead exposure and traumatic brain injury (TBI) as risk factors for other tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, but not for PSP.Objective: We sought to investigate the role of firearm usage, as a possible indicator of lead exposure, and TBI as risk factors for PSP in a population of military veterans.Methods: We included participants from a larger case-control study who reported previous military service. Our sample included 67 PSP cases and 68 controls. Participants were administered a questionnaire to characterize firearm use in the military and occurrence of TBI.Results: Cases were significantly less educated than controls. In unadjusted analyses, the proportion of PSP cases (80.6%) and controls (64.7%) who reported use of firearms as part of their military job was positively associated with PSP, odds ratio (OR) 2.2 (95% CI: 1–5.0). There were no significant case-control differences in mean service duration. There was only a weak association with history of TBI, OR 1.6 (95% CI: 0.8–3.4). In multivariate models, firearm usage (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 9.8) remained significantly associated with PSP.Conclusions: Our findings show a positive association between firearm usage and PSP and an inverse association between education and PSP. The former suggests a possible etiologic role of lead. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential etiologic effects of metals on PSP.The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00431301.
topic PSP
case-control study
military
firearms
traumatic brain injury
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00474/full
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