Mocenské hry mezi výzkumníkem a informantem: Konceptualizace moci v analýze výzkumného rozhovoru

• Main Author: Petra A. Beránková
• Format: Article
• Language: ces
• Published: AntropoWeb 2016-12-01
• Series: AntropoWebzin
• Subjects: qualitative research; interview; power; power asymmetry; conversational analysis; reflexivity
• Online Access: http://www.antropoweb.cz/webzin/index.php/webzin/article/view/231/248

The article introduces a conceptualization of power relationship between interviewer and interviewee in a qualitative research interview. The presented conceptualization is based on the semiotic triad (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics). For the purpose of analysing interviews, power is defined as an ability to influence and control one of these three dimensions of an interview. However, power relationships are not static; rather, they are dynamically negotiated within an interaction. Within this context, different types of power can be distinguished: (a) power over the rules of interaction (metapower); (b) agendasetting power; and (c) positioning and othering of participants (i.e. dominance). The classification of different types of power can be used for further systematic investigation into possible power strategies. Showing samples of interviews with politicians, the authoress identifies several examples of power strategies (for instance, a change of rules, an opening of new topics, and “a wise advice”). She points out that these strategies themselves can produce meanings. The authoress also argues that reflecting power relationships within interviews can enhance the validity of research. It can also be helpful for better constituting a scenario and a framework of interviews, or for developing a researcher’s own performative strategy. This kind of reflexivity is also beneficial for thinking through ethical questions coupled with qualitative research.