Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel

Background: Despite the importance of medication counselling for patients, it is common knowledge that it is often sub-optimally carried out by pharmacy staff. While some interventions have been designed to help improve counselling, no study till date has used the Capability Opportunity and Motivati...

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Main Authors: Samirah N. Abdu-Aguye, Shafiu Mohammed, Nuhu M. Danjuma, Kamilu S. Labaran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas 2021-06-01
Series:Pharmacy Practice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.pharmacypractice.org/journal/index.php/pp/article/view/2271
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spelling doaj-6312cc8cec774f6da907d5399ca86d252021-05-24T13:54:32ZengCentro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones FarmaceuticasPharmacy Practice1885-642X1886-36552021-06-01192227110.18549/PharmPract.2021.2.2271 Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel Samirah N. Abdu-Aguye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-632XShafiu Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-966XNuhu M. Danjuma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-1391Kamilu S. Labaran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-9371Background: Despite the importance of medication counselling for patients, it is common knowledge that it is often sub-optimally carried out by pharmacy staff. While some interventions have been designed to help improve counselling, no study till date has used the Capability Opportunity and Motivation behavior model (COM-B) or Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a basis for identifying evidence-based intervention strategies to improve medication counselling. Objective: To understand barriers/facilitators to optimal medication counselling by conducting a behavioral analysis using the COM-B model and TDF, and use the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) as a basis for identifying evidence-based intervention strategies and policy categories that could be used to improve outpatient medication counselling by pharmacy staff in hospital settings located within Northwest Nigeria. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 25 purposively sampled pharmacy staff working at eight major public hospitals, from January till March 2020. Data from the interviews were then transcribed and deductively coded using the COM-B model and TDF. These findings were then used to identify areas requiring change, as well as the intervention type and policy functions required to support these changes. Results: Findings from the behavioral analysis revealed shortfalls in pharmacy staff capability, opportunity and motivation with respect to outpatient medication counselling. To improve their counselling behaviors, change was identified as necessary in eight TDF domains namely ‘knowledge’, ‘interpersonal skills’, ‘memory’ ‘environmental context’, ‘social influences’, ‘intentions’, ‘reinforcement’ and ‘beliefs about capabilities’. Seven intervention functions including ‘education’, ‘training’, ‘modelling’, ‘enablement’ and ‘environmental restructuring’, in addition to three policy categories (‘guidelines’, ‘regulations’ and ‘environmental/social planning’) were also identified as relevant to future intervention design. Conclusions: Various factors were identified as affecting medication counselling by the pharmacy staff, with several of them requiring changes if counselling was to be improved upon. Multi-component interventions combining several of these intervention functions are recommended for hospital authorities and other relevant stakeholders to improve outpatient medication counselling.https://www.pharmacypractice.org/journal/index.php/pp/article/view/2271counselingoutpatientsprofessional practicepharmaciespharmacy service hospitalpharmacistsprofessional-patient relationsattitude of health personnelmotivationsocial skillssocial planningmodels theoreticalqualitative researchnigeria
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Samirah N. Abdu-Aguye
Shafiu Mohammed
Nuhu M. Danjuma
Kamilu S. Labaran
spellingShingle Samirah N. Abdu-Aguye
Shafiu Mohammed
Nuhu M. Danjuma
Kamilu S. Labaran
Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
Pharmacy Practice
counseling
outpatients
professional practice
pharmacies
pharmacy service hospital
pharmacists
professional-patient relations
attitude of health personnel
motivation
social skills
social planning
models theoretical
qualitative research
nigeria
author_facet Samirah N. Abdu-Aguye
Shafiu Mohammed
Nuhu M. Danjuma
Kamilu S. Labaran
author_sort Samirah N. Abdu-Aguye
title Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
title_short Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
title_full Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
title_fullStr Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
title_full_unstemmed Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
title_sort improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
publisher Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas
series Pharmacy Practice
issn 1885-642X
1886-3655
publishDate 2021-06-01
description Background: Despite the importance of medication counselling for patients, it is common knowledge that it is often sub-optimally carried out by pharmacy staff. While some interventions have been designed to help improve counselling, no study till date has used the Capability Opportunity and Motivation behavior model (COM-B) or Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a basis for identifying evidence-based intervention strategies to improve medication counselling. Objective: To understand barriers/facilitators to optimal medication counselling by conducting a behavioral analysis using the COM-B model and TDF, and use the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) as a basis for identifying evidence-based intervention strategies and policy categories that could be used to improve outpatient medication counselling by pharmacy staff in hospital settings located within Northwest Nigeria. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 25 purposively sampled pharmacy staff working at eight major public hospitals, from January till March 2020. Data from the interviews were then transcribed and deductively coded using the COM-B model and TDF. These findings were then used to identify areas requiring change, as well as the intervention type and policy functions required to support these changes. Results: Findings from the behavioral analysis revealed shortfalls in pharmacy staff capability, opportunity and motivation with respect to outpatient medication counselling. To improve their counselling behaviors, change was identified as necessary in eight TDF domains namely ‘knowledge’, ‘interpersonal skills’, ‘memory’ ‘environmental context’, ‘social influences’, ‘intentions’, ‘reinforcement’ and ‘beliefs about capabilities’. Seven intervention functions including ‘education’, ‘training’, ‘modelling’, ‘enablement’ and ‘environmental restructuring’, in addition to three policy categories (‘guidelines’, ‘regulations’ and ‘environmental/social planning’) were also identified as relevant to future intervention design. Conclusions: Various factors were identified as affecting medication counselling by the pharmacy staff, with several of them requiring changes if counselling was to be improved upon. Multi-component interventions combining several of these intervention functions are recommended for hospital authorities and other relevant stakeholders to improve outpatient medication counselling.
topic counseling
outpatients
professional practice
pharmacies
pharmacy service hospital
pharmacists
professional-patient relations
attitude of health personnel
motivation
social skills
social planning
models theoretical
qualitative research
nigeria
url https://www.pharmacypractice.org/journal/index.php/pp/article/view/2271
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