CT Guided Needle Biopsy of Peripheral Lesions–Lesion Characteristics That May Increase the Diagnostic Yield and Reduce the Complication Rate

• Main Authors: Manabu Tajima, Shinsaku Togo, Ryo Ko, Yoshika Koinuma, Issei Sumiyoshi, Masahiro Torasawa, Nao Kikuchi, Akihiko Shiraishi, Shinichi Sasaki, Shinsuke Kyogoku, Ryohei Kuwatsuru, Kazuhisa Takahashi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical Medicine
• Subjects: bronchoscopy; CT-guided needle biopsy; lung cancer; metastatic lung tumor; thoracic malignancy; transbronchial biopsy
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/9/2031

Computed tomography-guided needle biopsy (CT-GNB) has a high diagnostic yield for lung cancer but higher complication rates compared to those of other biopsy modalities. We sought to clarify in which thoracic lesions we could achieve a quick pathological diagnosis using CT-GNB, considering the risks and benefits. We retrospectively enrolled 110 patients who underwent CT-GNB and 547 patients who underwent transbronchial biopsy (TBB) for parenchymal lung lesions in clinical practice. The diagnostic rates of CT-GNB and TBB were 87.3% and 75.3%. After failed diagnosis with other biopsy modalities, 92.3% of patients were finally diagnosed using CT-GNB and 65.8% using TBB. In cases with a negative bronchial sign, there was a statistically higher diagnostic rate with CT-GNB than with TBB (<i>p</i> < 0.001: 89.4% vs. 0%). Complication rates were higher with CT-GNB (50.9%) than with TBB (16.3%). However, there were lower rates of complications in cases with inhomogeneous tumors, subpleural lesions, and when more than 15 mm of the punctured needle length was within the target. We conclude that CT-GNB is an effective biopsy modality with a high diagnostic rate that is especially recommended when the bronchus sign is negative. It can be safely performed if risk factors for complications are taken into account.