Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels

Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels

<p>In the last several decades, significant efforts have been directed toward better understanding the gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines. However, limited information is available on the hygroscopic properties of aircraft engine PM emissions which...

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Main Authors: M. B. Trueblood, P. Lobo, D. E. Hagen, S. C. Achterberg, W. Liu, P. D. Whitefield
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2018-12-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17029/2018/acp-18-17029-2018.pdf
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spelling doaj-5fde0a7fcab547eb84ce3316b45772fd2020-11-24T21:55:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-12-0118170291704510.5194/acp-18-17029-2018Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuelsM. B. Trueblood0P. Lobo1P. Lobo2D. E. Hagen3S. C. Achterberg4W. Liu5P. D. Whitefield6Center of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USACenter of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USAnow at: Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaCenter of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USACenter of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USACenter for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USACenter of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA<p>In the last several decades, significant efforts have been directed toward better understanding the gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines. However, limited information is available on the hygroscopic properties of aircraft engine PM emissions which play an important role in the water absorption, airborne lifetime, obscuring effect, and detrimental health effects of these particles. This paper reports the description and detailed lab-based performance evaluation of a robust hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) in terms of hygroscopic properties such as growth factor (GF) and the hygroscopicity parameter (<span class="inline-formula"><i>κ</i></span>). The HTDMA system was subsequently deployed during the Alternative Aviation Fuel EXperiment (AAFEX) II field campaign to measure the hygroscopic properties of aircraft engine PM emissions in the exhaust plumes from a CFM56-2C1 engine burning several types of fuels. The fuels used were conventional JP-8, tallow-based hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA), Fischer–Tropsch, a blend of HEFA and JP-8, and Fischer–Tropsch doped with tetrahydrothiophene (an organosulfur compound). It was observed that GF and <span class="inline-formula"><i>κ</i></span> increased with fuel sulfur content and engine thrust condition, and decreased with increasing dry particle diameter. The highest GF and <span class="inline-formula"><i>κ</i></span> values were found in the smallest particles, typically those with diameters of 10&thinsp;nm.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17029/2018/acp-18-17029-2018.pdf
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author M. B. Trueblood
P. Lobo
P. Lobo
D. E. Hagen
S. C. Achterberg
W. Liu
P. D. Whitefield
spellingShingle M. B. Trueblood
P. Lobo
P. Lobo
D. E. Hagen
S. C. Achterberg
W. Liu
P. D. Whitefield
Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
author_facet M. B. Trueblood
P. Lobo
P. Lobo
D. E. Hagen
S. C. Achterberg
W. Liu
P. D. Whitefield
author_sort M. B. Trueblood
title Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
title_short Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
title_full Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
title_fullStr Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
title_full_unstemmed Application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing PM emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
title_sort application of a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer for characterizing pm emissions in exhaust plumes from an aircraft engine burning conventional and alternative fuels
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
issn 1680-7316
1680-7324
publishDate 2018-12-01
description <p>In the last several decades, significant efforts have been directed toward better understanding the gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines. However, limited information is available on the hygroscopic properties of aircraft engine PM emissions which play an important role in the water absorption, airborne lifetime, obscuring effect, and detrimental health effects of these particles. This paper reports the description and detailed lab-based performance evaluation of a robust hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) in terms of hygroscopic properties such as growth factor (GF) and the hygroscopicity parameter (<span class="inline-formula"><i>κ</i></span>). The HTDMA system was subsequently deployed during the Alternative Aviation Fuel EXperiment (AAFEX) II field campaign to measure the hygroscopic properties of aircraft engine PM emissions in the exhaust plumes from a CFM56-2C1 engine burning several types of fuels. The fuels used were conventional JP-8, tallow-based hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA), Fischer–Tropsch, a blend of HEFA and JP-8, and Fischer–Tropsch doped with tetrahydrothiophene (an organosulfur compound). It was observed that GF and <span class="inline-formula"><i>κ</i></span> increased with fuel sulfur content and engine thrust condition, and decreased with increasing dry particle diameter. The highest GF and <span class="inline-formula"><i>κ</i></span> values were found in the smallest particles, typically those with diameters of 10&thinsp;nm.</p>
url https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17029/2018/acp-18-17029-2018.pdf
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