Quality and safety issues related to traditional animal medicine: role of taurine

• Main Authors: Takahashi Kyoko, Azuma Yuko, Shimada Kayoko, Saito Tadashi, Kawase Masaya, Schaffer Stephen W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2010-08-01
• Series: Journal of Biomedical Science
• ISSN: 1021-7770; 1423-0127

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Calculus Bovis</it> (:<it>C.Bovis</it>) is one of the most precious and commonly-used medicinal materials in Japan and China. As the natural occurrence is very rare, a source of supply for <it>C. Bovis</it> is far behind the actual need and great efforts have been taken for some substitutes of natural <it>C. Bovis</it>. Unfortunately, very little information is available on the quality and/or clinical efficacy of medication based on <it>C. Bovis</it>. To ensure sustainable use of traditional therapeutic agents derived from <it>C. Bovis</it>, we felt that several issues needed to be addressed: 1) the source of the <it>C. Bovis</it> materials and quality control; 2) the role of taurine in the efficacy of <it>C. Bovis</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine samples of natural <it>C. Bovis</it> and its substitutes were collected. ICP-MS was used for elemental analysis and the characterization was performed by principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) as multivariate approaches. The efficacy of <it>C. Bovis</it> was evaluated for morphology, viability and beating pattern on cultured cardiac myocytes and/or fibroblasts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>PCA and multi-elemental focus was effective in discriminating <it>C. Bovis</it> samples derived from different habitats. A satisfactory classification using SIMCA was obtained among Australia <it>C. Bovis</it>, other habitats and the substitutes. Australian samples had better batch uniformity than other habitats and were composed of fewer elements. We have used Australian<it> C. Bovis</it> for assessment on its bioactive compounds. Rat cardiac cells incubated with <it>C. Bovis</it> extract (0.01-0.1mg/ml) maintained normal morphology, viability and beating pattern. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts treated for 48 h with CA (0.5mM) or DCA (0.1mM) caused cell injury, as reflected by changes in appearance and a reduction of viability detected by the MTS assay. In cardiomyocytes, 0.5 h exposure of CA (0.5mM) markedly decreased the velocity ratio of beating, whereas the simultaneous addition of 1 mM taurine largely prevented the decrease.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The multi-elemental focus provided some references for the quality control and the efficacy of <it>C. Bovis</it>. Taurine partly attenuated the harmful actions of bile acids. It is plausible that the relationship between taurine and the bile acids contributes to therapeutic effect of <it>C. Bovis</it>.</p>