Biochemical but not compositional recovery of skin mucosal microbiome communities after disruption

• Main Authors: Brumlow CE, Luna RA, Hollister EB, Gomez JA, Burcham LA, Cowdrey MB, Primm TP
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2019-02-01
• Series: Infection and Drug Resistance
• Subjects: Gambusia affinis; rifampicin; tetracycline; chlorhexidine
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/biochemical-but-not-compositional-recovery-of-skin-mucosal-microbiome--peer-reviewed-article-IDR

Chelcy E Brumlow,1 Ruth A Luna,2,3 Emily B Hollister,2,3 Javier A Gomez,1 Lindsey A Burcham,1 Madison B Cowdrey,1 Todd P Primm1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA; 2Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; 3Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Background: The microbiomes of animals are complex communities that strongly affect the health of the hosts. Microbiomes on mucosal surfaces have the highest densities and most extensive biochemical exchanges with the hosts. Although antibiotics are potent tools to manage infections, they can disrupt the normal microbiota, causing numerous side effects. Materials and methods: Taking a community ecology approach, mucosal microbiome community responses to five disruptive conditions (two broad-spectrum antibiotics, a biocide, elevated temperature, and rinsing) were analyzed. Skin of the fish Gambusia affinis was the mucosal model. Microbiome recovery was measured by culturable counts, community biochemical profiles, genetic fingerprinting, and community 16S gene sequencing (rinsing condition only). Results: Following all disruptions, the total counts rose and then returned to the pre-treatment (PT) level. This overgrowth was confirmed via direct staining and community metabolic activity measurements. After rinsing, diversity decreased and one taxon dominated (family Aeromonadaceae) temporarily, the findings similar to numerous other studies with antibiotics. While the community did not return to the PT taxonomic composition, the biochemical profile did. Conclusion: This suggests that the biochemical pathways in a community are important during recovery, and a return to the original composition is not required to restore original function. Keywords: Gambusia affinis, rifampicin, tetracycline, chlorhexidine