Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders

“Safety first,” we say these words almost every day, but we all take this for granted for what Maslow proposed in his famous theory of Hierarchy of Needs: safety needs come second to physiological needs. Here we propose that safety needs come before physiological needs. Safety needs are personal sec...

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Main Authors: Zheng Zheng, Simeng Gu, Yu Lei, Shanshan Lu, Wei Wang, Yang Li, Fushun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Limited 2016-01-01
Series:Neural Plasticity
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8058093
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spelling doaj-5e3238910a0a47a490f3a18ec8d9ad9f2020-11-24T21:05:27ZengHindawi LimitedNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432016-01-01201610.1155/2016/80580938058093Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental DisordersZheng Zheng0Simeng Gu1Yu Lei2Shanshan Lu3Wei Wang4Yang Li5Fushun Wang6School of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China“Safety first,” we say these words almost every day, but we all take this for granted for what Maslow proposed in his famous theory of Hierarchy of Needs: safety needs come second to physiological needs. Here we propose that safety needs come before physiological needs. Safety needs are personal security, financial security, and health and well-being, which are more fundamental than physiological needs. Safety worrying is the major reason for mental disorders, such as anxiety, phobia, depression, and PTSD. The neural basis for safety is amygdala, LC/NE system, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone system, which can be regarded as a “safety circuitry,” whose major behavior function is “fight or flight” and “fear and anger” emotions. This is similar to the Appraisal theory for emotions: fear is due to the primary appraisal, which is related to safety of individual, while anger is due to secondary appraisal, which is related to coping with the unsafe situations. If coping is good, the individual will be happy; if coping failed, the individual will be sad or depressed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8058093
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Zheng Zheng
Simeng Gu
Yu Lei
Shanshan Lu
Wei Wang
Yang Li
Fushun Wang
spellingShingle Zheng Zheng
Simeng Gu
Yu Lei
Shanshan Lu
Wei Wang
Yang Li
Fushun Wang
Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders
Neural Plasticity
author_facet Zheng Zheng
Simeng Gu
Yu Lei
Shanshan Lu
Wei Wang
Yang Li
Fushun Wang
author_sort Zheng Zheng
title Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders
title_short Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders
title_full Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders
title_fullStr Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Safety Needs Mediate Stressful Events Induced Mental Disorders
title_sort safety needs mediate stressful events induced mental disorders
publisher Hindawi Limited
series Neural Plasticity
issn 2090-5904
1687-5443
publishDate 2016-01-01
description “Safety first,” we say these words almost every day, but we all take this for granted for what Maslow proposed in his famous theory of Hierarchy of Needs: safety needs come second to physiological needs. Here we propose that safety needs come before physiological needs. Safety needs are personal security, financial security, and health and well-being, which are more fundamental than physiological needs. Safety worrying is the major reason for mental disorders, such as anxiety, phobia, depression, and PTSD. The neural basis for safety is amygdala, LC/NE system, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone system, which can be regarded as a “safety circuitry,” whose major behavior function is “fight or flight” and “fear and anger” emotions. This is similar to the Appraisal theory for emotions: fear is due to the primary appraisal, which is related to safety of individual, while anger is due to secondary appraisal, which is related to coping with the unsafe situations. If coping is good, the individual will be happy; if coping failed, the individual will be sad or depressed.
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8058093
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