Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation

Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation

<i>Euglena gracilis</i> produces paramylon, which is a feedstock for high-value functional foods and nutritional supplements. The enhancement of paramylon productivity is a critical challenge. Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) can improve microalgal productivity; however, the M...

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Main Authors: Rubiyatno, Kazuhiro Mori, Daisuke Inoue, Sunah Kim, Jaecheul Yu, Taeho Lee, Michihiko Ike, Tadashi Toyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Microorganisms
Subjects:
<i>Euglena gracilis</i>
paramylon
associated bacteria
growth promotion
paramylon production promotion
co-culture
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1496
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spelling doaj-5df4658e85fd412a8451643552575d502021-07-23T13:55:25ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-07-0191496149610.3390/microorganisms9071496Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic CultivationRubiyatno0Kazuhiro Mori1Daisuke Inoue2Sunah Kim3Jaecheul Yu4Taeho Lee5Michihiko Ike6Tadashi Toyama7Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, JapanGraduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, JapanDivision of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDivision of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, JapanGraduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, Japan<i>Euglena gracilis</i> produces paramylon, which is a feedstock for high-value functional foods and nutritional supplements. The enhancement of paramylon productivity is a critical challenge. Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) can improve microalgal productivity; however, the MGPB for <i>E. gracilis</i> remain unclear. This study isolated bacteria capable of enhancing <i>E. gracilis</i> growth and paramylon production under mixotrophic conditions. <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5 were isolated from <i>E. gracilis</i> grown with sewage-effluent bacteria under mixotrophic conditions at pH 4.5 or 7.5, respectively. In a 7-day <i>E. gracilis</i> mixotrophic culture with glucose, CA3 increased <i>E. gracilis</i> biomass and paramylon production 1.8-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively (at pH 4.5), or 1.9-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively (at pH 7.5). CN5 increased <i>E. gracilis</i> biomass and paramylon production 2.0-fold and 4.1-fold, respectively (at pH 7.5). However, the strains did not show such effects on <i>E. gracilis</i> under autotrophic conditions without glucose. The results suggest that CA3 and CN5 promoted both <i>E. gracilis</i> growth and paramylon production under mixotrophic conditions with glucose at pH 4.5 and 7.5 (CA3) or pH 7.5 (CN5). This study also provides an isolation method for <i>E. gracilis</i> MGPB that enables the construction of an effective <i>E. gracilis</i>–MGPB-association system for increasing the paramylon yield of <i>E. gracilis.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1496<i>Euglena gracilis</i>paramylonassociated bacteriagrowth promotionparamylon production promotionco-culture
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Rubiyatno
Kazuhiro Mori
Daisuke Inoue
Sunah Kim
Jaecheul Yu
Taeho Lee
Michihiko Ike
Tadashi Toyama
spellingShingle Rubiyatno
Kazuhiro Mori
Daisuke Inoue
Sunah Kim
Jaecheul Yu
Taeho Lee
Michihiko Ike
Tadashi Toyama
Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation
Microorganisms
<i>Euglena gracilis</i>
paramylon
associated bacteria
growth promotion
paramylon production promotion
co-culture
author_facet Rubiyatno
Kazuhiro Mori
Daisuke Inoue
Sunah Kim
Jaecheul Yu
Taeho Lee
Michihiko Ike
Tadashi Toyama
author_sort Rubiyatno
title Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation
title_short Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation
title_full Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation
title_fullStr Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation
title_full_unstemmed Isolation and Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>-Associated Bacteria, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of <i>E. gracilis</i> under Mixotrophic Cultivation
title_sort isolation and characterization of <i>euglena gracilis</i>-associated bacteria, <i>enterobacter</i> sp. ca3 and <i>emticicia</i> sp. cn5, capable of promoting the growth and paramylon production of <i>e. gracilis</i> under mixotrophic cultivation
publisher MDPI AG
series Microorganisms
issn 2076-2607
publishDate 2021-07-01
description <i>Euglena gracilis</i> produces paramylon, which is a feedstock for high-value functional foods and nutritional supplements. The enhancement of paramylon productivity is a critical challenge. Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) can improve microalgal productivity; however, the MGPB for <i>E. gracilis</i> remain unclear. This study isolated bacteria capable of enhancing <i>E. gracilis</i> growth and paramylon production under mixotrophic conditions. <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CA3 and <i>Emticicia</i> sp. CN5 were isolated from <i>E. gracilis</i> grown with sewage-effluent bacteria under mixotrophic conditions at pH 4.5 or 7.5, respectively. In a 7-day <i>E. gracilis</i> mixotrophic culture with glucose, CA3 increased <i>E. gracilis</i> biomass and paramylon production 1.8-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively (at pH 4.5), or 1.9-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively (at pH 7.5). CN5 increased <i>E. gracilis</i> biomass and paramylon production 2.0-fold and 4.1-fold, respectively (at pH 7.5). However, the strains did not show such effects on <i>E. gracilis</i> under autotrophic conditions without glucose. The results suggest that CA3 and CN5 promoted both <i>E. gracilis</i> growth and paramylon production under mixotrophic conditions with glucose at pH 4.5 and 7.5 (CA3) or pH 7.5 (CN5). This study also provides an isolation method for <i>E. gracilis</i> MGPB that enables the construction of an effective <i>E. gracilis</i>–MGPB-association system for increasing the paramylon yield of <i>E. gracilis.</i>
topic <i>Euglena gracilis</i>
paramylon
associated bacteria
growth promotion
paramylon production promotion
co-culture
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1496
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