Association between Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Missing Teeth in Adolescents

Association between Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Missing Teeth in Adolescents

Tooth agenesis and disturbance of tooth eruption is the most prevalent oral defect, and is possibly caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We hypothesized that prenatal factors may affect tooth development. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking during pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Junka Nakagawa Kang, Yuko Unnai Yasuda, Takuya Ogawa, Miri Sato, Zentaro Yamagata, Takeo Fujiwara, Keiji Moriyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-11-01
Series:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Subjects:
cohort studies
hypodontia
malocclusion
tobacco
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4536

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