Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases

Background and objectives: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a state of progressive enlargement of cardiac chambers mainly left ventricle which leads to decreased cardiac output and ultimately cardiac failure. Although it has multifactorial etiology, it is quite common in patients with end stage renal disea...

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Main Authors: Vipin Kumar Goyal, Priyamvada Gupta, Birbal Baj
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-09-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001419300715
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record_format Article
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Vipin Kumar Goyal
Priyamvada Gupta
Birbal Baj
spellingShingle Vipin Kumar Goyal
Priyamvada Gupta
Birbal Baj
Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
author_facet Vipin Kumar Goyal
Priyamvada Gupta
Birbal Baj
author_sort Vipin Kumar Goyal
title Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
title_short Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
title_full Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
title_fullStr Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
title_full_unstemmed Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
title_sort anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases
publisher Elsevier
series Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
issn 0104-0014
publishDate 2019-09-01
description Background and objectives: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a state of progressive enlargement of cardiac chambers mainly left ventricle which leads to decreased cardiac output and ultimately cardiac failure. Although it has multifactorial etiology, it is quite common in patients with end stage renal disease who require renal transplant surgery for their cure. Both conditions go side by side and anesthetic management of such cases poses real challenge to anesthesiologist. Strict monitoring and control of cardiac physiology is of utmost importance besides meticulous fluid management, thus preserving renal blood flow on one hand and preventing cardiac failure on other hand. This is the basis of achieving good outcome of the renal transplant surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done by analysing electronic database of 31 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent renal transplant surgery. Data was studied in terms of demographics, duration of renal disease, comorbidities mainly hypertension, cardiac echo graphic findings including ejection fraction, medications and post-operative outcome. Results: Most common perioperative complication in this patient population was hypotension (51.61%) followed by pulmonary complications postoperative mechanical ventilation (12.9%) and pulmonary edema (6.45%). High incidence of hypotension may be a causative factor to increased rate of delayed graft functioning (12.9%) and acute tubular necrosis (2.23%) in these patients. Conclusion: Strict monitoring and control of hemodynamic parameters as well as meticulous fluid therapy is the cornerstone in improving outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing renal transplant surgery. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivos: A cardiomiopatia dilatada é um estado de aumento progressivo das câmaras cardíacas, principalmente do ventrículo esquerdo, que leva à diminuição do débito cardíaco e, por fim, à insuficiência cardíaca. Embora tenha etiologia multifatorial, é bastante comum em pacientes com doença renal terminal que precisam de transplante renal para sua cura. Ambas as condições andam lado a lado e o manejo anestésico de tais casos é um verdadeiro desafio para o anestesiologista. A monitoração e o controle rigoroso da fisiologia cardíaca são de extrema importância, além de um meticuloso manejo dos líquidos, o que por um lado preserva o fluxo sanguíneo renal, por outro previne a insuficiência cardíaca. Essa é a base para alcançar o bom resultado da cirurgia de transplante renal. Métodos: Este estudo observacional retrospectivo foi realizado mediante a análise de prontuários eletrônicos de 31 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada submetidos à cirurgia de transplante renal. Os dados foram avaliados em termos demográficos, duração da doença renal, comorbidades (principalmente hipertensão), achados ecocardiográficos (incluindo fração de ejeção), medicamentos e resultados no pós-operatório. Resultados: A complicação perioperatória mais comum nessa população de pacientes foi hipotensão (51,61%), seguida de complicações pulmonares, como ventilação mecânica pós-operatória (12,9%) e edema pulmonar (6,45%). A alta incidência de hipotensão pode ser um fator causador do aumento da incidência de atraso no funcionamento do enxerto (12,9%) e necrose tubular aguda (2,23%) nesses pacientes. Conclusão: A monitoração rigorosa e o controle dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, bem como a fluidoterapia criteriosa, são a pedra angular na melhoria dos resultados em pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada submetidos à cirurgia de transplante renal. Keywords: Anesthetic management, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Non-cardiac surgery, Renal transplant, Systolic dysfunction, Palavras-chave: Manejo anestésico, Cardiomiopatia dilatada, Cirurgia não cardíaca, Transplante renal, Disfunção sistólica
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001419300715
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spelling doaj-5da3778437814c18ad38d7484213ff9b2020-11-25T01:23:20ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Anesthesiology0104-00142019-09-01695477483Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 casesVipin Kumar Goyal0Priyamvada Gupta1Birbal Baj2Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Jaipur, IndiaCorresponding author.; Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Jaipur, IndiaMahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Jaipur, IndiaBackground and objectives: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a state of progressive enlargement of cardiac chambers mainly left ventricle which leads to decreased cardiac output and ultimately cardiac failure. Although it has multifactorial etiology, it is quite common in patients with end stage renal disease who require renal transplant surgery for their cure. Both conditions go side by side and anesthetic management of such cases poses real challenge to anesthesiologist. Strict monitoring and control of cardiac physiology is of utmost importance besides meticulous fluid management, thus preserving renal blood flow on one hand and preventing cardiac failure on other hand. This is the basis of achieving good outcome of the renal transplant surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done by analysing electronic database of 31 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent renal transplant surgery. Data was studied in terms of demographics, duration of renal disease, comorbidities mainly hypertension, cardiac echo graphic findings including ejection fraction, medications and post-operative outcome. Results: Most common perioperative complication in this patient population was hypotension (51.61%) followed by pulmonary complications postoperative mechanical ventilation (12.9%) and pulmonary edema (6.45%). High incidence of hypotension may be a causative factor to increased rate of delayed graft functioning (12.9%) and acute tubular necrosis (2.23%) in these patients. Conclusion: Strict monitoring and control of hemodynamic parameters as well as meticulous fluid therapy is the cornerstone in improving outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing renal transplant surgery. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivos: A cardiomiopatia dilatada é um estado de aumento progressivo das câmaras cardíacas, principalmente do ventrículo esquerdo, que leva à diminuição do débito cardíaco e, por fim, à insuficiência cardíaca. Embora tenha etiologia multifatorial, é bastante comum em pacientes com doença renal terminal que precisam de transplante renal para sua cura. Ambas as condições andam lado a lado e o manejo anestésico de tais casos é um verdadeiro desafio para o anestesiologista. A monitoração e o controle rigoroso da fisiologia cardíaca são de extrema importância, além de um meticuloso manejo dos líquidos, o que por um lado preserva o fluxo sanguíneo renal, por outro previne a insuficiência cardíaca. Essa é a base para alcançar o bom resultado da cirurgia de transplante renal. Métodos: Este estudo observacional retrospectivo foi realizado mediante a análise de prontuários eletrônicos de 31 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada submetidos à cirurgia de transplante renal. Os dados foram avaliados em termos demográficos, duração da doença renal, comorbidades (principalmente hipertensão), achados ecocardiográficos (incluindo fração de ejeção), medicamentos e resultados no pós-operatório. Resultados: A complicação perioperatória mais comum nessa população de pacientes foi hipotensão (51,61%), seguida de complicações pulmonares, como ventilação mecânica pós-operatória (12,9%) e edema pulmonar (6,45%). A alta incidência de hipotensão pode ser um fator causador do aumento da incidência de atraso no funcionamento do enxerto (12,9%) e necrose tubular aguda (2,23%) nesses pacientes. Conclusão: A monitoração rigorosa e o controle dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, bem como a fluidoterapia criteriosa, são a pedra angular na melhoria dos resultados em pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada submetidos à cirurgia de transplante renal. Keywords: Anesthetic management, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Non-cardiac surgery, Renal transplant, Systolic dysfunction, Palavras-chave: Manejo anestésico, Cardiomiopatia dilatada, Cirurgia não cardíaca, Transplante renal, Disfunção sistólicahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001419300715