Blockade of LIRs as a new approach for diagnosis and treatment of ATLL malignancy

• Main Authors: M. Karbalaei, M. Keikha
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2019-06-01
• Series: Infekciâ i Immunitet
• Subjects: atll; ham/tsp; htlv-1; lirs; malignancy; immunity
• Online Access: https://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1635

In new medical world, one of the main concerns in the field of infectious diseases has been focused on Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). During the infection, lymphocyte inhibitory receptors (LIRs) are playing an impressive role in the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) occurrence. These receptors include LAG3, PD-1, TIGIT, CD160, TIM3, and 2B4. First, we have collected all microarray information on the profile of HTLV-1 infected patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/geo/) database till the end of March 2020, in order to identify the microarray related to evolutionary development of lymphocyte inhibitory receptors during various phases of HTLV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells of human subjects. The keywords such as Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1), Homo sapiens, ATLL, and Whole genome sequencing were being used repeatedly. Considering the main goal of the study, we have only assessed data related to homo sapiens particularly CD4+ T cell line of human subjects infected with HTLV-1. We evaluated these receptors in ATLL patients compared to healthy control (HC) individuals and HTLV-1 infected-asymptomatic carriers (ASCs). From total of 18 identified records, we only selected and analyzed four studies: GSE19080, GSE33615, GSE57259, and GSE33615; they all met our inclusion criteria with proper quality analysis of ATLL vs. normal, ATLL vs. asymptomatic carrier as well as asymptomatic carrier vs. normal. Unfortunately, we could not analyze various stages of ATLL malignancy (acute, lymphomatous, chronic and smoldering) in all included studies due to lack of information. Finally, based on Benjamini-Hochberg False discovery rate (FDR), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were elected for several categories. In the present study, we first demonstrated that the expression rate of LIRs in ATLL group was higher than either of asymptomatic carrier and healthy donor groups. As a conclusion, it seems that the blockage of LIRs has a pivotal role in diagnosis and treatment of ATLL malignancy.