Avian Predation in a Declining Outbreak Population of the Spruce Budworm, <em>Choristoneura fumiferana</em> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
The impact of avian predation on a declining population of the spruce budworm, <i>Choristoneura fumifereana</i> (Clem.), was measured using single-tree exclosure cages in a mature stand of balsam fir, <i>Abies balsamea</i> (L.), and white spruce, <i>Picea glauca</i&g...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/720 |