| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae</it>, is a novel member of the genus <it>Streptococcus</it>, falling close to related members like <it>S. pneumoniae, S. mitis</it>, and <it>S. oralis</it>. Its recent appearance has shed light on streptococcal infections, which has been unclear till recently. In this study, the transcriptome of <it>S. pseudopneumoniae</it> CCUG 49455<sup>T</sup> was analyzed using the <it>S. pneumoniae</it> R6 microarray platform and compared with those of <it>S. pneumoniae</it> KCTC 5080<sup>T</sup>, <it>S. mitis</it> KCTC 3556<sup>T</sup>, and <it>S. oralis</it> KCTC 13048<sup>T</sup> strains.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the extent of genetic relatedness among the species, and implies that <it>S. pseudopneumoniae</it> is the most closely related to <it>S. pneumoniae.</it> A total of 489, 444 and 470 genes were upregulated while 347, 484 and 443 were downregulated relative to <it>S. pneumoniae</it> in <it>S. pseudopneumoniae</it>, <it>S. oralis</it> and <it>S. mitis</it> respectively. Important findings were the up-regulation of TCS (two component systems) and transposase which were found to be specific to <it>S. pseudopneumoniae</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provides insight to the current understanding of the genomic content of <it>S. pseudopneumoniae.</it> The comparative transcriptome analysis showed hierarchical clustering of expression data of S<it>. pseudopneumoniae</it> with <it>S. pneumoniae</it> and <it>S. mitis</it> with <it>S. oralis.</it> This proves that transcriptional profiling can facilitate in elucidating the genetic distance between closely related strains.</p>
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