Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing

Wireless communication has become a very important part of our lives, and it is well known that meteorological factors affect the quality of communication links, especially at higher frequencies because the physical dimensions of raindrops, hail stones, and snowflakes are on a similar wavelength to...

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Main Authors: Congzheng Han, Liang Feng, Juan Huo, Zhaoze Deng, Gaoyuan Zhang, Baofeng Ji, Yushu Zhou, Yongheng Bi, Shu Duan, Renmin Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
5G
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2156
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spelling doaj-5c15516cab554c14bb73bb83339df40f2021-06-01T01:45:27ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-05-01132156215610.3390/rs13112156Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in BeijingCongzheng Han0Liang Feng1Juan Huo2Zhaoze Deng3Gaoyuan Zhang4Baofeng Ji5Yushu Zhou6Yongheng Bi7Shu Duan8Renmin Yuan9Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaKey Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaKey Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaWireless communication has become a very important part of our lives, and it is well known that meteorological factors affect the quality of communication links, especially at higher frequencies because the physical dimensions of raindrops, hail stones, and snowflakes are on a similar wavelength to the propagating radio frequency. Millimeter-waves are an important technology for fifth-generation cellular networks which are currently being deployed all over the world. Since atmospheric effects are challenging in millimeter-wave transmissions, in this paper, we conducted line-of-sight field measurements at 25 GHz and 38 GHz. We monitored the received signal during rainfall events and compared the theoretical attenuation and the recorded rain-induced attenuation. We also derived the rain-induced attenuation (<i>A</i>) and rainfall rate (<i>R</i>) relation for stratiform and convective rain, respectively, using local rain drop size distribution (DSD) information at our measurement site collected during the period of two years. Furthermore, opportunistic sensing of atmospheric phenomena using microwave or millimeter-wave communication links in commercial cellular networks has recently attracted more attention in meteorological research worldwide. The accuracy of calculating rainfall rates from microwave links highly depends on the retrieval model and values of coefficients in the model, i.e., <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> of the <i>A-R</i> relation model. Here, the coefficients <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are estimated based on local DSD measurement, and the performance of the improved <i>A-R</i> model is evaluated using propagated signal power based on measurement data. Compared to the (<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>) coefficients in the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation (ITU-R) P.838 document, the derived coefficients achieved an improved rainfall rate estimation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2156raindrop size distribution (DSD)microwave linksmillimeter-wave link5Gradio propagation meteorological factorsrain-induced attenuation
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Congzheng Han
Liang Feng
Juan Huo
Zhaoze Deng
Gaoyuan Zhang
Baofeng Ji
Yushu Zhou
Yongheng Bi
Shu Duan
Renmin Yuan
spellingShingle Congzheng Han
Liang Feng
Juan Huo
Zhaoze Deng
Gaoyuan Zhang
Baofeng Ji
Yushu Zhou
Yongheng Bi
Shu Duan
Renmin Yuan
Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing
Remote Sensing
raindrop size distribution (DSD)
microwave links
millimeter-wave link
5G
radio propagation meteorological factors
rain-induced attenuation
author_facet Congzheng Han
Liang Feng
Juan Huo
Zhaoze Deng
Gaoyuan Zhang
Baofeng Ji
Yushu Zhou
Yongheng Bi
Shu Duan
Renmin Yuan
author_sort Congzheng Han
title Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing
title_short Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing
title_full Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing
title_fullStr Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing
title_sort characteristics of rain-induced attenuation over signal links at frequency ranges of 25 and 38 ghz observed in beijing
publisher MDPI AG
series Remote Sensing
issn 2072-4292
publishDate 2021-05-01
description Wireless communication has become a very important part of our lives, and it is well known that meteorological factors affect the quality of communication links, especially at higher frequencies because the physical dimensions of raindrops, hail stones, and snowflakes are on a similar wavelength to the propagating radio frequency. Millimeter-waves are an important technology for fifth-generation cellular networks which are currently being deployed all over the world. Since atmospheric effects are challenging in millimeter-wave transmissions, in this paper, we conducted line-of-sight field measurements at 25 GHz and 38 GHz. We monitored the received signal during rainfall events and compared the theoretical attenuation and the recorded rain-induced attenuation. We also derived the rain-induced attenuation (<i>A</i>) and rainfall rate (<i>R</i>) relation for stratiform and convective rain, respectively, using local rain drop size distribution (DSD) information at our measurement site collected during the period of two years. Furthermore, opportunistic sensing of atmospheric phenomena using microwave or millimeter-wave communication links in commercial cellular networks has recently attracted more attention in meteorological research worldwide. The accuracy of calculating rainfall rates from microwave links highly depends on the retrieval model and values of coefficients in the model, i.e., <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> of the <i>A-R</i> relation model. Here, the coefficients <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are estimated based on local DSD measurement, and the performance of the improved <i>A-R</i> model is evaluated using propagated signal power based on measurement data. Compared to the (<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>) coefficients in the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation (ITU-R) P.838 document, the derived coefficients achieved an improved rainfall rate estimation.
topic raindrop size distribution (DSD)
microwave links
millimeter-wave link
5G
radio propagation meteorological factors
rain-induced attenuation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/11/2156
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