Dietary Intake in Population with Metabolic Syndrome: Is the Prevalence of Inadequate Intake Influenced by Geographical Area? Cross-Sectional Analysis from PREDIMED-Plus Study

• Main Authors: Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, M. Dolors Zomeño, Manoli García-de-la-Hera, Dora Romaguera, J. Alfredo Martínez, F. Javier Barón-López, Antonio García-Ríos, Ramón Estruch, Laura García-Molina, Ángel Alonso Gómez, Josep A. Tur, Francisco Tinahones, Lluis Serra-Majem, Naiara Cubelos-Fernández, José Lapetra, Clotilde Vázquez, Xavier Pintó, Josep Vidal, Lidia Daimiel, José Juan Gaforio, Pilar Matía, Emilio Ros, Javier Diez-Espino, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Josep Basora, Montse Fitó, Juan Manuel Zazo, Antoni Colom, Estefanía Toledo, Andrés Díaz-López, Miguel Ángel Muñoz, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Alfredo Gea
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2018-11-01
• Series: Nutrients
• Subjects: dietary intake; PREDIMED-Plus study; metabolic syndrome; place of residence; geographical area; nutrient adequacy
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1661

Inadequate diet influences chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in Spain. CVD figures vary from one geographical region to another; this could be associated with different food choices. Our aim was to analyse the influence of geographical area on nutrient intakes among the Spanish adult population with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). We analysed cross-sectional baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study: 6646 Spanish adults, aged 55&#8315;75 years, with overweight/obesity and MetS in four geographical areas. A validated 143-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess energy and nutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was estimated according to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between geographical area (North, Central, East and South areas) and inadequate nutrient intake. People in the North area consumed significantly lower amounts of vegetables and fish but more sugar and alcohol (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) than other areas. Dietary fibre, vitamin A, E, calcium and magnesium intakes were all lower among men of North area than in the other areas (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Sex (women), non-smoker and physical activity were also associated to adequate nutrient intake. Geographical area influences nutrient intakes. Its effect on dietary quality should be taken into account when planning food policies.