| Summary: | <strong>Foundation:</strong> the replacement of the primary dentition begins with the eruption of the first permanent molars that will be subjected to various risk factors.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> to determine the existing relation between the first permanent molar loss and the risk factors in adolescents from 12 to 14 years old. <br /><strong>Method:</strong> a cross descriptive study was developed between October 20011 and March 2012. On a universe of 560 students, a simple random sampling was done and a sample of 185 patients was selected. On school visits dental exams were performed to determine the Clune index dental caries index, filled and missing teeth and the simplified index of oral hygiene. The estimated relative risk was used with prevalence odd ratio and prevalence ratio was calculated. The studied variables were: sex, oral hygiene habits, and habits of cariogenic diet bucodental health. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> the loss of the first permanent molar predominated in the male sex with a 14.1 %. The prevailing risk factor was cariogenic diet which affected 57.3 of the population, where 80.6 of those who had a high consumption showed loss of the first permanent molar. Clune index (53,4 % in the female and 40 % in the male sex), dental caries, filled and lost teeth (1.7 % in female and 2.9 in the male sex) were calculated. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> there is a direct relation between risk factors, poor oral hygiene and cariogenic feeding with the loss of the first permanent molar.
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