| Summary: | The Caatinga is located in the semiarid region, and is the only genuinely Brazilian biome.
It occupies an area of 1,037,517.80 km2, covering nine northeastern states, plus the northern region of
Minas Gerais. The Caatinga has a considerable number of endemic species. The flora has 596 tree and
shrub species recorded, 180 of these are endemic. , Amphibian species 17, 44, reptiles, birds 695 and 120 of
mammals, a total of 876 species of vertebrate animals were also found. New species of animals and plants
have been recently described, indicating a still insufficient zoological and botanical knowledge. Despite
the diversity, the savanna is one of the most degraded biomes, especially the conversion of Caatinga in
agricultural systems (pasture and crops), and the use of timber forest resources for firewood, charcoal,
fencing, construction, furniture and crafts. This study aimed to reflect on the climatic effects on
biodiversity conservation, based on data obtained from literature review. It was evident that from the
1980s, scientific evidence on the possibility of climate change worldwide have attracted increasing
interests in the public and the scientific community in general. The issue of climate change has
dramatically changed the agenda for discussion on the major issues and dilemmas of today. If before, the
diagnosis of environmental problems were considered scientific preciosism today about global warming
and climate change are becoming routinely known, spreading to all segments of society.
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