Source contributions and potential reductions to health effects of particulate matter in India
<p>Health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in India were estimated in this study based on a source-oriented version of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Contributions of different sources to premature mortality and years of life...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/15219/2018/acp-18-15219-2018.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in India
were estimated in this study based on a source-oriented version of the
Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Contributions of different
sources to premature mortality and years of life lost (YLL) were quantified
in 2015. Premature mortality due to cerebrovascular disease (CEVD) was the
highest in India (0.44 million), followed by ischaemic heart disease (IHD,
0.40 million), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 0.18 million), and
lung cancer (LC, 0.01 million), with a total of 1.04 million deaths. The
states with highest premature mortality were Uttar Pradesh (0.23 million),
Bihar (0.12 million), and West Bengal (0.10 million). The highest total YLL
was 2 years in Delhi, and the Indo-Gangetic plains and eastern India had
higher YLL ( ∼ 1 years) than other regions. The residential
sector was the largest contributor to PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations
( ∼ 40 µg m<sup>−3</sup>), total premature mortality (0.58
million), and YLL ( ∼ 0.2 years). Other important sources
included industry ( ∼ 20 µg m<sup>−3</sup>), agriculture
( ∼ 10 µg m<sup>−3</sup>), and energy ( ∼ 5 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) with their national averaged contributions of 0.21, 0.12, and 0.07
million to premature mortality, and 0.12, 0.1, and 0.05 years to YLL.
Reducing PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations would lead to a significant
reduction of premature mortality and YLL. For example, premature mortality in
Uttar Pradesh (including Delhi) due to PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposures would be reduced
by 79 % and YLL would be reduced by 83 % when reducing PM<sub>2.5</sub>
concentrations to 10 µg m<sup>−3</sup>.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |