| Summary: | Currently, the economic systems of developed countries are undergoing structural transformations associated with the deployment of a new environmentally oriented industrial sector on a new technological environmentally friendly basis. For technologically catching-up countries, including those focused on the extraction of natural resources, the task is to critically understand the modification of this trend, since the deindustrialization processes led to the loss of many modern manufacturing industries, which resulted in a deep import dependence on resource-saving technologies and equipment. This results in the wasteful use of the resource base of the economy and the lack of recycling, in increasing pollution and lagging behind in terms of environmental industrial technologies. Ineffective institutions and international financial and technological restrictions reduce the effect of stimulating environmental import substitution by the state, hinder the development of its reproductive mechanisms that can provide a positive trend in economic dynamics. Therefore, the development of environmental import substitution, integrating the resource availability of the economy and environmental imperatives, technologies for the careful use of resources and their recycling, determines the prospects for sustainable development of the economy as a whole.
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