Visible Watermarking Technique Based on Human Visual System for Single Sensor Digital Cameras

• Main Authors: Hector Santoyo-Garcia, Eduardo Fragoso-Navarro, Rogelio Reyes-Reyes, Clara Cruz-Ramos, Mariko Nakano-Miyatake
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hindawi-Wiley 2017-01-01
• Series: Security and Communication Networks
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7903198

In this paper we propose a visible watermarking algorithm, in which a visible watermark is embedded into the Bayer Colour Filter Array (CFA) domain. The Bayer CFA is the most common raw image representation for images captured by single sensor digital cameras equipped in almost all mobile devices. In proposed scheme, the captured image is watermarked before it is compressed and stored in the storage system. Then this method enforces the rightful ownership of the watermarked image, since there is no other version of the image rather than the watermarked one. We also take into consideration the Human Visual System (HVS) so that the proposed technique provides desired characteristics of a visible watermarking scheme, such that the embedded watermark is sufficiently perceptible and at same time not obtrusive in colour and grey-scale images. Unlike other Bayer CFA domain visible watermarking algorithms, in which only binary watermark pattern is supported, proposed watermarking algorithm allows grey-scale and colour images as watermark patterns. It is suitable for advertisement purpose, such as digital library and e-commerce, besides copyright protection.