Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation

Introduction: Prompt identification of higher-risk patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is crucial to pursue a more aggressive approach. Objective: We aimed to assess whether the modified shock index (MSI), the ratio of heart rate to mean arterial pressure, cou...

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Main Authors: Glória Abreu, Pedro Azevedo, Carlos Galvão Braga, Catarina Vieira, Miguel Álvares Pereira, Juliana Martins, Carina Arantes, Catarina Rodrigues, Alberto Salgado, Jorge Marques
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2018-06-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117301993
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author Glória Abreu
Pedro Azevedo
Carlos Galvão Braga
Catarina Vieira
Miguel Álvares Pereira
Juliana Martins
Carina Arantes
Catarina Rodrigues
Alberto Salgado
Jorge Marques
spellingShingle Glória Abreu
Pedro Azevedo
Carlos Galvão Braga
Catarina Vieira
Miguel Álvares Pereira
Juliana Martins
Carina Arantes
Catarina Rodrigues
Alberto Salgado
Jorge Marques
Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
author_facet Glória Abreu
Pedro Azevedo
Carlos Galvão Braga
Catarina Vieira
Miguel Álvares Pereira
Juliana Martins
Carina Arantes
Catarina Rodrigues
Alberto Salgado
Jorge Marques
author_sort Glória Abreu
title Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
title_short Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
title_full Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
title_fullStr Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
title_full_unstemmed Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
title_sort modified shock index: a bedside clinical index for risk assessment of st-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentation
publisher Elsevier
series Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
issn 0870-2551
publishDate 2018-06-01
description Introduction: Prompt identification of higher-risk patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is crucial to pursue a more aggressive approach. Objective: We aimed to assess whether the modified shock index (MSI), the ratio of heart rate to mean arterial pressure, could predict six-month mortality among patients admitted with STEMI. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was performed in a single center including 1158 patients diagnosed with STEMI, without cardiogenic shock on admission, between July 2009 and December 2014. They were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients with MSI <0.93 (72%); group 2 – patients with MSI≥0.93 (28%). The primary endpoint was six-month all-cause mortality. Results: MSI≥0.93 identified patients who were more likely to have signs of heart failure (p=0.002), anemia (p<0.001), renal insufficiency (p=0.014) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (p=0.045). They more often required inotropic support (p<0.001), intra-aortic balloon pump (p<0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). Regarding in-hospital adverse events, they had a higher prevalence of malignant arrhythmias (p=0.01) and mechanical complications (p=0.027). MSI≥0.93 was an independent predictor of overall six-month mortality (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.20-3.34, p=0.008). Conclusion: MSI was shown to be a valuable bedside tool which can rapidly identify high-risk STEMI patients at presentation. Resumo: Introdução: A identificação precoce dos doentes (dts) de maior gravidade que se apresentam com enfarte com supradesnivelamento do segment ST (EAMCSST) é fundamental para uma abordagem mais eficaz e/ou segura. Objetivo: Avaliar se o índice de choque modificado (ICM) – razão entre a frequência cardíaca e a pressão arterial média – poderá ser um preditor de mortalidade aos seis meses, nos doentes admitidos com enfarte com EAMCSST. Métodos: Estudo observacional, unicêntrico, retrospetivo que incluiu 1158 doentes admitidos com o diagnóstico de EAMCSST, sem choque cardiogénico à admissão, desde julho de 2009 a dezembro de 2014. Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 – dts com ICM<0,93 (72%); grupo 2 – dts com ICM≥0,93 (28%). O endpoint primário foi a ocorrência de morte por todas as causas aos seis meses. Resultados: Os doentes com ICM≥0,93 apresentavam mais frequentemente sinais de insuficiência cardíaca (p=0,002), anemia (p<0,001), insuficiência renal (p=0,014) e disfunção ventricular esquerda (p=0,045) à admissão. Estes doentes necessitaram mais frequentemente de suporte aminérgico (p<0,001), suporte com balão intra-aórtico (p<0,001) e ventilação mecânica invasiva (p<0,001). Relativamente aos eventos hospitalares adversos, os doentes com ICM≥0,93 apresentaram mais frequentemente arritmias malignas (p=0,01) e complicações mecânicas (p=0,027). O valor de ICM≥0,93 mostrou-se um preditor independente de mortalidade por todas as causas aos seis meses – HR ajustada 2,00, 95% CI (1,20-3,34), p=0,008. Conclusão: O índice de choque modificado mostrou ser uma ferramenta útil, capaz de estratificar rapidamente os doentes com EAMCSST de maior risco. Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Stratification, Mortality, Outcome, Modified shock index, Palavras-chave: Enfarte com supradesnivelamento do segment ST (EAMCSST), Estratificação, Mortalidade, Prognóstico, Índice de choque modificado (ICM)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117301993
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spelling doaj-56dfc6167f324a1ab4b000086381db0d2020-11-25T01:12:27ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia0870-25512018-06-01376481488Modified shock index: A bedside clinical index for risk assessment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at presentationGlória Abreu0Pedro Azevedo1Carlos Galvão Braga2Catarina Vieira3Miguel Álvares Pereira4Juliana Martins5Carina Arantes6Catarina Rodrigues7Alberto Salgado8Jorge Marques9Corresponding author.; Cardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalCardiology Department, Braga Hospital, Braga, PortugalIntroduction: Prompt identification of higher-risk patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is crucial to pursue a more aggressive approach. Objective: We aimed to assess whether the modified shock index (MSI), the ratio of heart rate to mean arterial pressure, could predict six-month mortality among patients admitted with STEMI. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was performed in a single center including 1158 patients diagnosed with STEMI, without cardiogenic shock on admission, between July 2009 and December 2014. They were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients with MSI <0.93 (72%); group 2 – patients with MSI≥0.93 (28%). The primary endpoint was six-month all-cause mortality. Results: MSI≥0.93 identified patients who were more likely to have signs of heart failure (p=0.002), anemia (p<0.001), renal insufficiency (p=0.014) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (p=0.045). They more often required inotropic support (p<0.001), intra-aortic balloon pump (p<0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). Regarding in-hospital adverse events, they had a higher prevalence of malignant arrhythmias (p=0.01) and mechanical complications (p=0.027). MSI≥0.93 was an independent predictor of overall six-month mortality (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.20-3.34, p=0.008). Conclusion: MSI was shown to be a valuable bedside tool which can rapidly identify high-risk STEMI patients at presentation. Resumo: Introdução: A identificação precoce dos doentes (dts) de maior gravidade que se apresentam com enfarte com supradesnivelamento do segment ST (EAMCSST) é fundamental para uma abordagem mais eficaz e/ou segura. Objetivo: Avaliar se o índice de choque modificado (ICM) – razão entre a frequência cardíaca e a pressão arterial média – poderá ser um preditor de mortalidade aos seis meses, nos doentes admitidos com enfarte com EAMCSST. Métodos: Estudo observacional, unicêntrico, retrospetivo que incluiu 1158 doentes admitidos com o diagnóstico de EAMCSST, sem choque cardiogénico à admissão, desde julho de 2009 a dezembro de 2014. Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 – dts com ICM<0,93 (72%); grupo 2 – dts com ICM≥0,93 (28%). O endpoint primário foi a ocorrência de morte por todas as causas aos seis meses. Resultados: Os doentes com ICM≥0,93 apresentavam mais frequentemente sinais de insuficiência cardíaca (p=0,002), anemia (p<0,001), insuficiência renal (p=0,014) e disfunção ventricular esquerda (p=0,045) à admissão. Estes doentes necessitaram mais frequentemente de suporte aminérgico (p<0,001), suporte com balão intra-aórtico (p<0,001) e ventilação mecânica invasiva (p<0,001). Relativamente aos eventos hospitalares adversos, os doentes com ICM≥0,93 apresentaram mais frequentemente arritmias malignas (p=0,01) e complicações mecânicas (p=0,027). O valor de ICM≥0,93 mostrou-se um preditor independente de mortalidade por todas as causas aos seis meses – HR ajustada 2,00, 95% CI (1,20-3,34), p=0,008. Conclusão: O índice de choque modificado mostrou ser uma ferramenta útil, capaz de estratificar rapidamente os doentes com EAMCSST de maior risco. Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Stratification, Mortality, Outcome, Modified shock index, Palavras-chave: Enfarte com supradesnivelamento do segment ST (EAMCSST), Estratificação, Mortalidade, Prognóstico, Índice de choque modificado (ICM)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117301993