| Summary: | The isolation and molecular and chemo-taxonomic identification of seventeen halophilic archaea from the Santa Bárbara saltern, Sonora, México, were performed. Eight strains were selected based on pigmentation. Molecular identification revealed that the strains belonged to the <i>Haloarcula, Halolamina</i> and <i>Halorubrum</i> genera. Neutral lipids (quinones) were identified in all strains. Glycolipid S-DGD was found only in <i>Halolamina</i> sp. strain M3; polar phospholipids 2,3-O-phytanyl-<i>sn</i>-glycerol-1-phosphoryl-3-<i>sn</i>-glycerol (PG), 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-3′-sn-glycerol-1′-methyl phosphate (PGP-Me) and sodium salt 1-(3-<i>sn</i>-phosphatidyl)-<i>rac</i>-glycerol were found in all the strains; and one unidentified glyco-phospholipid in strains M1, M3 and M4. Strains M1, M3 and M5 were selected for further studies based on carotenoid production. The effect of glucose and succinic and glutamic acid on carotenoid production was assessed. In particular, carotenoid production and growth significantly improved in the presence of glucose in strains <i>Haloarcula</i> sp. M1 and <i>Halorubrum</i> sp. M5 but not in <i>Halolamina</i> sp. M3. Glutamic and succinic acid had no effect on carotenoid production, and even was negative for <i>Halorubrum</i> sp. M5. Growth was increased by glutamic and succinic acid on <i>Haloarcula</i> sp. M1 but not in the other strains. This work describes for first time the presence of halophilic archaea in the Santa Bárbara saltern and highlights the differences in the effect of carbon sources on the growth and carotenoid production of haloarchaea.
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