| Summary: | The management of multiple primary cancers, an event not so infrequent in oncology practice, is a critical issue due to the lack of literature. In this study, we reported the case of a patient with non-small cell metastatic lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who received gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and with mFOLFOX6 in first and second line, respectively. It achieved a progression-free survival and a28-months overall survival (OS) for NSCLC and PFS-1 and OS of 20 and 13 months, respectively for PDAC. Moreover, the combination of gefitinib and chemotherapy treatmentsshowed a good safety profile. Given the insignificant frequency of this case, we performed a molecular characterization of both neoplasms with the aim to investigate the existence of particular activated pathways and/or similar immunological mutations. It is interesting to note that two neoplasms shared a common mutation ofthe B7-H3 gene, with the consecutive impairment of its expressed protein. In both PDAC and NSCLC, the expression of this protein was associated with a worse survival rate. Since B7-H3 is an anti-apoptotic protein, the reduction of its expression or function should justify a pro-apoptotic activity with a leading justification of the long survival of the patient considered in this report.
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