| Summary: | Abstract In the research field of biological markers for tumor diagnosis, the appearance of exosomes has resolved the problem that RNA molecules can be easily degraded. Exosomes carry various RNAs and can protect them from being degraded. They are defined as polymorphism vesicle-like corpuscles (diameter: 30-100 nm) derived from late endosome or multi-vesicular endosomes in cellular endocytosis system, which contain abundant biological information, including multiple lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, etc. Exosomes are extracellular nanoscale vesicae formed in a series of regulating process of cellular “endocytosis-fusion-excretion”, and they carry proteins and transport RNAs, thus playing an important role in the intercellular material and informational transduction. There are still large amount of mRNAs and miRNAs in exosomes. Exosomes can not only protect in-vitro RNA stability, but also transfer RNA to specific target cells as effective carriers so as to play their regulatory function. Exosomes realize their biological information exchanges and transition via endocrine, paracrine and autocrine, and regulate cellular biological activities through direct action on superficial signal molecules or extracellular release and membrane fusion of biological active ingredients. They can directly act on tumors to impact tumor progression, or improve tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by regulating immunological function. Additionally, they can also be used for tumor diagnosis. Therefore, this study mainly summarized the biological characteristics of exosomes and their application in the regulation, diagnosis and treatment of tumors, hoping to provide references for the application of exosomes in tumors.
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