Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds

Cultivar identification of seeds is important for crop yield and quality. To study the impact of different features expressions and classification methods on cultivar identification, the performance of the feature expressions and classification algorithms affecting the accuracy of cultivar identific...

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Main Authors: Yu Tang, Zhishang Cheng, Aimin Miao, Jiajun Zhuang, Chaojun Hou, Yong He, Xuan Chu, Shaoming Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1268
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spelling doaj-53f3a260bddf42a9b8582667d38d45502021-04-02T09:30:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-08-01101268126810.3390/agronomy10091268Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn SeedsYu Tang0Zhishang Cheng1Aimin Miao2Jiajun Zhuang3Chaojun Hou4Yong He5Xuan Chu6Shaoming Luo7Academy of Contemporary Agriculture Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaAcademy of Contemporary Agriculture Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaAcademy of Contemporary Agriculture Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaAcademy of Contemporary Agriculture Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaAcademy of Contemporary Agriculture Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaAcademy of Contemporary Agriculture Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Automation, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, ChinaCultivar identification of seeds is important for crop yield and quality. To study the impact of different features expressions and classification methods on cultivar identification, the performance of the feature expressions and classification algorithms affecting the accuracy of cultivar identification was evaluated by image processing techniques. A total of 448 samples of seeds from seven cultivars of sweet corn, namely, Orlando, Beiyasi, Jingketian 183, Jingtian 218, Suitian 1, CT76 and Lilixiangtian, were evaluated. The color, shape and texture features of the seeds were extracted from the images, and the class separability criterion was adopted to evaluate the separability of the features of the embryo side, nonembryo side and both of them combined. The results indicate that the class separability based on the features of the embryo side was higher than that based on the nonembryo side and both of them combined. Based on the embryo-side optical feature data, dimensionality reduction was conducted by two feature selection methods (stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and genetic algorithm (GA)) and two feature extraction methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)). Performance evaluation of the feature reductions was conducted by constructing <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor (<i>K</i>-NN), naïve Bayes (NB), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Compared to the PCA and KPCA algorithms, the SDA and GA algorithms were more conducive to the cultivar classification of sweet corn seeds; the critical features selected specifically by the SDA, <i>K</i>-NN, NB, LDA and SVM classifiers achieved the best classification accuracies (81.43%, 82.86%, 90%, and 87.14%, respectively). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the approach for optical feature selection had a more significant effect on the identification of sweet corn seed cultivars than did the classifiers. Therefore, based on the optical images of the embryo side and the key features obtained by the feature selection method, a classification model was constructed for the accurate and nondestructive classification of different sweet corn seed cultivars.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1268sweet corn seedcultivar classificationoptical imageperformance evaluationseparability criterion
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Yu Tang
Zhishang Cheng
Aimin Miao
Jiajun Zhuang
Chaojun Hou
Yong He
Xuan Chu
Shaoming Luo
spellingShingle Yu Tang
Zhishang Cheng
Aimin Miao
Jiajun Zhuang
Chaojun Hou
Yong He
Xuan Chu
Shaoming Luo
Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds
Agronomy
sweet corn seed
cultivar classification
optical image
performance evaluation
separability criterion
author_facet Yu Tang
Zhishang Cheng
Aimin Miao
Jiajun Zhuang
Chaojun Hou
Yong He
Xuan Chu
Shaoming Luo
author_sort Yu Tang
title Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds
title_short Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds
title_full Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds
title_fullStr Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Cultivar Identification Performance Using Feature Expressions and Classification Algorithms on Optical Images of Sweet Corn Seeds
title_sort evaluation of cultivar identification performance using feature expressions and classification algorithms on optical images of sweet corn seeds
publisher MDPI AG
series Agronomy
issn 2073-4395
publishDate 2020-08-01
description Cultivar identification of seeds is important for crop yield and quality. To study the impact of different features expressions and classification methods on cultivar identification, the performance of the feature expressions and classification algorithms affecting the accuracy of cultivar identification was evaluated by image processing techniques. A total of 448 samples of seeds from seven cultivars of sweet corn, namely, Orlando, Beiyasi, Jingketian 183, Jingtian 218, Suitian 1, CT76 and Lilixiangtian, were evaluated. The color, shape and texture features of the seeds were extracted from the images, and the class separability criterion was adopted to evaluate the separability of the features of the embryo side, nonembryo side and both of them combined. The results indicate that the class separability based on the features of the embryo side was higher than that based on the nonembryo side and both of them combined. Based on the embryo-side optical feature data, dimensionality reduction was conducted by two feature selection methods (stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and genetic algorithm (GA)) and two feature extraction methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)). Performance evaluation of the feature reductions was conducted by constructing <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor (<i>K</i>-NN), naïve Bayes (NB), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Compared to the PCA and KPCA algorithms, the SDA and GA algorithms were more conducive to the cultivar classification of sweet corn seeds; the critical features selected specifically by the SDA, <i>K</i>-NN, NB, LDA and SVM classifiers achieved the best classification accuracies (81.43%, 82.86%, 90%, and 87.14%, respectively). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the approach for optical feature selection had a more significant effect on the identification of sweet corn seed cultivars than did the classifiers. Therefore, based on the optical images of the embryo side and the key features obtained by the feature selection method, a classification model was constructed for the accurate and nondestructive classification of different sweet corn seed cultivars.
topic sweet corn seed
cultivar classification
optical image
performance evaluation
separability criterion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1268
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