| Summary: | The present article studies the actions of the Department of Indigenous Affairs, a government institution in Mexico whose purpose was to improve the living conditions of the indigenous population (1936-1946). The analysis of the department’s archives presents the overall objectives, actions, agents, and agencies involved. This revisiting has found changes that mark a transitional period in Mexican indigenismo. The purpose of this study is to show the policy outlook of said institution whose actions were compared, at the regional level, with those executed by the Sonora state department. The limited impact and results of these actions in diverse communities revealed the shortcomings this state agency had by not considering the eight indigenous peoples in Sonora, and only providing solutions to specific material needs in three of these groups. The present study argues that the attention the institution gave to these three groups (Seris, Pápagos, and Yaquis), and the results obtained, were determined by factors and agents present in the regional context.
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