Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Introduction: Convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH) is a rare type of spontaneous, non-traumatic, and nonaneurysmal SAH characterised by blood collections in one or more cortical sulci in the convexity of the brain; the aetiology varies. We report a clinical case series of 3 patients with cSAH a...

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Main Authors: D.A. García Estévez, R.M. García-Dorrego, B. Nieto-Baltar, M. Marey-Garrido, T. Hierro-Torner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España 2017-05-01
Series:Neurología (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580817300536
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author D.A. García Estévez
R.M. García-Dorrego
B. Nieto-Baltar
M. Marey-Garrido
T. Hierro-Torner
spellingShingle D.A. García Estévez
R.M. García-Dorrego
B. Nieto-Baltar
M. Marey-Garrido
T. Hierro-Torner
Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Neurología (English Edition)
author_facet D.A. García Estévez
R.M. García-Dorrego
B. Nieto-Baltar
M. Marey-Garrido
T. Hierro-Torner
author_sort D.A. García Estévez
title Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
title_short Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
title_full Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
title_fullStr Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
title_full_unstemmed Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
title_sort spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy
publisher Elsevier España
series Neurología (English Edition)
issn 2173-5808
publishDate 2017-05-01
description Introduction: Convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH) is a rare type of spontaneous, non-traumatic, and nonaneurysmal SAH characterised by blood collections in one or more cortical sulci in the convexity of the brain; the aetiology varies. We report a clinical case series of 3 patients with cSAH associated with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) who presented with focal sensory seizures and responded well to corticosteroid treatment. Patients: Case 1 was a 67-year-old man reporting right-sided paroxysmal sensory episodes with Jacksonian progression, cheiro-oral symptoms, and motor dysphasia. Case 2 was a 79-year-old man reporting left-sided paroxysmal episodes with cheiro-oral signs and dysarthria. Case 3 was a 71-year-old woman also reporting recurrent left cheiro-oral signs and dysarthria. None of the patients had headache or clinical dementia. Aneurysms were ruled out using MR angiography. Results: Brain CT scan detected an isolated hyperintensity in a sulcus of the frontal convexity; brain gradient echo T2-weighted MRI sequences showed meningeal haemosiderosis and microbleeds. However, no atrophy was identified in medial temporal lobes including the hippocampal formation. All patients had low levels of beta-amyloid in CSF, low values on the Hulstaert index and high levels of phosphorylated tau protein. Patients were initially treated with prednisone and levetiracetam, but symptoms recurred in 2 patients after prednisone was discontinued. Conclusions: We present a series of 3 patients with cSAH associated with CAA, characterised by a stereotypical syndrome responding well to corticoid treatment; there were no cases of headache or clinical dementia. Resumen: Introducción: La hemorragia subaracnoidea de la convexidad cerebral (HSAc) consiste en la presencia de un sangrado espontáneo, no aneurismático ni traumático, localizado en los surcos de la convexidad cerebral, cuya etiología es muy variada. Presentamos una serie de 3 casos de HSAc con probable angiopatía amiloidea cerebral (AAC) con clínica sensitiva recurrente que respondió al tratamiento con corticoides. Pacientes: Caso 1: varón de 67 años que presenta episodios paroxísticos sensitivos en el hemicuerpo derecho con progresión jacksoniana, episodios sensitivos queiroorales con disfasia motora. Caso 2: varón de 79 años, con trastorno paroxístico sensitivo-motor queirooral izquierdo y disartria. Caso 3: mujer de 71 años, con trastorno paroxístico sensitivo-motor queirooral izquierdo y disartria. Ningún paciente tuvo cefalea ni deterioro cognitivo. Se descartó la presencia de malformaciones aneurismáticas con una angio-RM cerebral. Resultados: La tomografía computarizada craneal mostró una hiperdensidad aislada en un surco de la convexidad frontal y la RM encefálica en la secuencia de eco-gradiente mostró depósitos de hemosiderina en dichos surcos y lesiones sugestivas de microsangrados. La RM no mostró atrofia de hipocampos ni temporal medial. En el líquido cefalorraquídeo todos los pacientes tuvieron un descenso del péptido beta-amiloide, valores bajos del índice de Hulstaert y aumento de la proteína tau fosforilada. Todos los pacientes se trataron inicialmente con prednisona y levetiracetam pero los síntomas recurrieron en dos pacientes tras la suspensión de la prednisona. Conclusiones: Presentamos a 3 pacientes con HSAc asociada a AAC, caracterizados por una clínica estereotipada, con ausencia de cefalea y de demencia clínica, con buena respuesta al tratamiento corticoideo. Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Meningeal haemosiderosis, Microbleeds, Apolipoprotein E, Beta-amyloid peptide, Cheiro-oral symptoms, Palabras clave: Hemorragia subaracnoidea, Hemosiderosis meníngea, Microsangrados, Apolipoproteína E, Péptido beta-amiloide, Síntomas queiroorales
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580817300536
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spelling doaj-529410cedfed45faa8456210c53957dd2020-11-25T02:50:06ZengElsevier EspañaNeurología (English Edition)2173-58082017-05-01324213218Spontaneous convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: Clinical series of 3 patients with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathyD.A. García Estévez0R.M. García-Dorrego1B. Nieto-Baltar2M. Marey-Garrido3T. Hierro-Torner4Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Comarcal de Monforte de Lemos, Monforte de Lemos, Lugo, Spain; Corresponding author.Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Comarcal de Monforte de Lemos, Monforte de Lemos, Lugo, SpainServicio de Radiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, SpainServicio de Radiología, Hospital Comarcal de Monforte de Lemos, Monforte de Lemos, Lugo, SpainServicio de Radiología, Hospital Comarcal de Monforte de Lemos, Monforte de Lemos, Lugo, SpainIntroduction: Convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH) is a rare type of spontaneous, non-traumatic, and nonaneurysmal SAH characterised by blood collections in one or more cortical sulci in the convexity of the brain; the aetiology varies. We report a clinical case series of 3 patients with cSAH associated with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) who presented with focal sensory seizures and responded well to corticosteroid treatment. Patients: Case 1 was a 67-year-old man reporting right-sided paroxysmal sensory episodes with Jacksonian progression, cheiro-oral symptoms, and motor dysphasia. Case 2 was a 79-year-old man reporting left-sided paroxysmal episodes with cheiro-oral signs and dysarthria. Case 3 was a 71-year-old woman also reporting recurrent left cheiro-oral signs and dysarthria. None of the patients had headache or clinical dementia. Aneurysms were ruled out using MR angiography. Results: Brain CT scan detected an isolated hyperintensity in a sulcus of the frontal convexity; brain gradient echo T2-weighted MRI sequences showed meningeal haemosiderosis and microbleeds. However, no atrophy was identified in medial temporal lobes including the hippocampal formation. All patients had low levels of beta-amyloid in CSF, low values on the Hulstaert index and high levels of phosphorylated tau protein. Patients were initially treated with prednisone and levetiracetam, but symptoms recurred in 2 patients after prednisone was discontinued. Conclusions: We present a series of 3 patients with cSAH associated with CAA, characterised by a stereotypical syndrome responding well to corticoid treatment; there were no cases of headache or clinical dementia. Resumen: Introducción: La hemorragia subaracnoidea de la convexidad cerebral (HSAc) consiste en la presencia de un sangrado espontáneo, no aneurismático ni traumático, localizado en los surcos de la convexidad cerebral, cuya etiología es muy variada. Presentamos una serie de 3 casos de HSAc con probable angiopatía amiloidea cerebral (AAC) con clínica sensitiva recurrente que respondió al tratamiento con corticoides. Pacientes: Caso 1: varón de 67 años que presenta episodios paroxísticos sensitivos en el hemicuerpo derecho con progresión jacksoniana, episodios sensitivos queiroorales con disfasia motora. Caso 2: varón de 79 años, con trastorno paroxístico sensitivo-motor queirooral izquierdo y disartria. Caso 3: mujer de 71 años, con trastorno paroxístico sensitivo-motor queirooral izquierdo y disartria. Ningún paciente tuvo cefalea ni deterioro cognitivo. Se descartó la presencia de malformaciones aneurismáticas con una angio-RM cerebral. Resultados: La tomografía computarizada craneal mostró una hiperdensidad aislada en un surco de la convexidad frontal y la RM encefálica en la secuencia de eco-gradiente mostró depósitos de hemosiderina en dichos surcos y lesiones sugestivas de microsangrados. La RM no mostró atrofia de hipocampos ni temporal medial. En el líquido cefalorraquídeo todos los pacientes tuvieron un descenso del péptido beta-amiloide, valores bajos del índice de Hulstaert y aumento de la proteína tau fosforilada. Todos los pacientes se trataron inicialmente con prednisona y levetiracetam pero los síntomas recurrieron en dos pacientes tras la suspensión de la prednisona. Conclusiones: Presentamos a 3 pacientes con HSAc asociada a AAC, caracterizados por una clínica estereotipada, con ausencia de cefalea y de demencia clínica, con buena respuesta al tratamiento corticoideo. Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Meningeal haemosiderosis, Microbleeds, Apolipoprotein E, Beta-amyloid peptide, Cheiro-oral symptoms, Palabras clave: Hemorragia subaracnoidea, Hemosiderosis meníngea, Microsangrados, Apolipoproteína E, Péptido beta-amiloide, Síntomas queirooraleshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580817300536