Awakening from post anoxic coma with burst suppression with identical bursts

• Main Authors: Patrick J. Coppler, Amanda E. Kusztos, Mark Andreae, Brad W. Butcher, Ankur Doshi, Maria E. Baldwin, Niravkumar Barot, James F. Castellano, Joanna S. Fong-Isariyawongse, Alexandra Urban, Clifton W. Callaway, Alexis Steinberg, Jonathan Elmer
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-09-01
• Series: Resuscitation Plus
• Subjects: Cardiac arrest; Anoxic brain injury; Anoxic coma; Prognostication; Electroencephalography; Outcome
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266652042100076X

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used after cardiac arrest. Burst suppression with identical bursts (BSIB) has been reported as a perfectly specific predictor of poor outcome but published case series are small. We describe two patients with BSIB who awakened from coma after cardiac arrest. Methods: We identified two out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with coma and BSIB. We determined the etiology of arrest, presenting neurological examination, potential confounders to neurological assessment, neurodiagnostics and time to awakening. We reviewed and interpreted EEGs using 2021 American Clinical Neurophysiology Society guidelines. We quantified identicality of bursts by calculating pairwise correlation coefficients between the first 500 ms of each aligned burst. Results: In case one we present a 62-year-old man with OHCA secondary to septic shock. EEG showed burst suppression pattern, with bursts consisted of high amplitude generalized spike waves in lock-step with myoclonus (inter-burst correlation = 0.86). He followed commands 3 days after arrest, when repeat EEG showed a continuous, variable and reactive background without epileptiform activity. Case two was a 49-year-old woman with OHCA secondary to polysubstance overdose. Initial EEG revealed burst suppression with high amplitude generalized polyspike-wave bursts with associated myoclonus. She followed commands on post-arrest day 4, when repeat EEG showed a continuous, variable and reactive background with frequent runs of bifrontal predominant sharply contoured rhythmic delta activity. Conclusion: These cases highlight the perils of prognosticating with a single modality in comatose cardiac arrest patients.