What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19

What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vicki Osborne, Saad A. W. Shakir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
Subjects:
COVID-19
association
causation
signal
evidence
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.569189/full
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spelling doaj-4e9f042b601a49bdb8addea21510af812021-01-29T11:15:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122021-01-011110.3389/fphar.2020.569189569189What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19Vicki Osborne0Vicki Osborne1Saad A. W. Shakir2Saad A. W. Shakir3Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, United KingdomSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United KingdomDrug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, United KingdomSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdomhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.569189/fullCOVID-19associationcausationsignalevidence
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Vicki Osborne
Vicki Osborne
Saad A. W. Shakir
Saad A. W. Shakir
spellingShingle Vicki Osborne
Vicki Osborne
Saad A. W. Shakir
Saad A. W. Shakir
What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19
Frontiers in Pharmacology
COVID-19
association
causation
signal
evidence
author_facet Vicki Osborne
Vicki Osborne
Saad A. W. Shakir
Saad A. W. Shakir
author_sort Vicki Osborne
title What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19
title_short What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19
title_full What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19
title_fullStr What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed What Is the Difference Between Observed Association and Causal Association, Signals and Evidence? Examples Related to COVID-19
title_sort what is the difference between observed association and causal association, signals and evidence? examples related to covid-19
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Pharmacology
issn 1663-9812
publishDate 2021-01-01
topic COVID-19
association
causation
signal
evidence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.569189/full
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