Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways

• Main Authors: Kai Li, Shuai Qu, Xi Chen, Qiong Wu, Ming Shi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2017-02-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: cancer immunotherapy; innate immunity; Toll-like Receptors; RIG-I-like Receptors; Stimulator of Interferon Genes
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/2/404

Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data suggest that activation of the tolerant innate immune system in cancer patients is able, at least partially, to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, which indicates triggering of the innate immune response as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. The promising innate immune targets include Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). This review discusses the antitumor properties of TLRs, RLRs, and STING-mediated innate immune pathways, as well as the promising innate immune targets for potential application in cancer immunotherapy.